桔梗

Chinese

		tangerine; Platycodon grandiflorus	stem
simp. and trad. (桔梗)		桔	梗

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiégěng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): git³ gang² / gat¹ gang²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat-kēng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiégěng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiégěng
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²-kêng³
    • Yale: jyé-gěng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyegeeng
    • Palladius: цзегэн (czegɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: git³ gang² / gat¹ gang²
    • Yale: git gáng / gāt gáng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: git⁸ gang² / gat⁷ gang²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gid³ geng² / ged¹ geng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚³ kɐŋ³⁵/, /kɐt̚⁵ kɐŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-kēng
    • Tâi-lô: kiat-kīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiatkeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: ket kaengX

Rime
Character	桔	梗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	古屑切	古杏切
Baxter	ket	kaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ket̚/	/kˠæŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ket̚/	/kᵚaŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛt̚/	/kaŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛt̚/	/kaɨjŋX/
Li Rong	/ket̚/	/kɐŋX/
Wang Li	/kiet̚/	/kɐŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kiet̚/	/kɐŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie	gěng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git3	gang2

Noun

桔梗

1. (traditional Chinese medicine) The root of the balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus).

Japanese

桔梗 (kikyō): the Chinese bellflower

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
桔	梗
き Jinmeiyō	きょう Grade: S
yutōyomi

/kikjau/ → /kikjɔː/ → /kikjoː/

From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ^X). Compare modern Cantonese reading git³ gang².

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ききょー [kìkyóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲi̥kʲo̞ː]

Noun

桔(き)梗(きょう) or 桔梗(キキョウ) • (kikyō) ^{←ききやう (kikyau)?}

1. platycodon or Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorus

   Synonyms: 桔梗 (kichikō), 朝顔 (asagao)

   Hypernym: 秋の七草

   Coordinate terms: 萩, 尾花, 葛, 撫子, 女郎花, 藤袴, 桔梗

2. (traditional Chinese medicine) dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorus used in medicines
3. a 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “colour layering”) of 二藍 (futai, “overdyed-purple”) and 青 (ao, “blue-green”)
4. Short for 桔梗色 (kikyō-iro, “a shade of bluish purple”).
5. a 紋 (mon, “crest”) in a Chinese bellflower pattern

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キキョウ.

Derived terms

• 桔梗草(キキョウソウ) (kikyōsō)
• 岩桔梗(イワギキョウ) (iwagikyō)
• 沢桔梗(サワギキョウ) (sawagikyō)
• 千島桔梗(チシマギキョウ) (chishimagikyō)
• 蔓桔梗(ツルギキョウ) (tsurugikyō)
• 雛桔梗(ヒナギキョウ) (hinagikyō)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
桔	梗
きち Jinmeiyō	こう Grade: S
on'yomi

/kitikau/ → /kit͡ɕikɔː/ → /kit͡ɕikoː/

From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ^X), using alternate kanji readings.

This reading is less common than kikyō above, and may be obsolete.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲit͡ɕiko̞ː]

Noun

桔(きち)梗(こう) • (kichikō) 

1. (possibly obsolete) Synonym of 桔梗 (kikyō, “platycodon or Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorus”)
2. a 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “colour layering”) of 二藍 (futai, “overdyed-purple”) and 青 (ao, “blue-green”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
桔	梗

Noun

桔梗 • (gilgyeong) (hangeul 길경)

1. hanja form^? of 길경