時雨
See also: 时雨
Chinese
[edit]o'clock; time; when o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period |
rain | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (時雨) | 時 | 雨 | |
| simp. (时雨) | 时 | 雨 | |
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄩˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíhyǔ
- Wade–Giles: shih2-yü3
- Yale: shŕ-yǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyryeu
- Palladius: шиюй (šijuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: si4 jyu5
- Yale: sìh yúh
- Cantonese Pinyin: si4 jy5
- Guangdong Romanization: xi4 yu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː²¹ jyː¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
[edit]時雨
Descendants
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]時雨
Synonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 時 | 雨 |
| しぐれ | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
From Old Japanese.
The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 時雨る (shiguru), modern 時雨れる (shigureru, “to rain a shower”).
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 時雨 / 时雨 (shíyǔ).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a rainshower in late summer, autumn, or winter
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1:[2]
- 𩅧雨 孫愐曰：「𩅧雨小雨也。」音與終同。漢鈔云：［之久禮］
- Drizzle - Sun Mian said: drizzle is a light rain. The pronunciation is the same with 終 (shū). A Han banknote reads “shigure”.
- (by extension, figurative) shedding tears
- Short for 時雨煮 (shigureni), 時雨羹 (shigurekan), 時雨饅頭 (shigure manjū), etc.
- Short for 時雨蛤 (shigure hamaguri): clams cooked in the shigureni method with soy sauce; a specialty of Kuwana, Mie Prefecture
Usage notes
[edit]As a 季語 (kigo, “seasonal word”), originally referred to rainshowers in late autumn to early winter. The extension to include late summer and the whole of autumn is only attested between the compilation of the Kokin and Kin'yō Wakashū. Today, shigure only refers to a winter rainshower.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
Verb
[edit]時雨する • (shigure suru) suru (stem 時雨し (shigure shi), past 時雨した (shigure shita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "時雨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 時雨し | しぐれし | shigure shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 時雨し | しぐれし | shigure shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 時雨する | しぐれする | shigure suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 時雨する | しぐれする | shigure suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 時雨すれ | しぐれすれ | shigure sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 時雨せよ¹ 時雨しろ² |
しぐれせよ¹ しぐれしろ² |
shigure seyo¹ shigure shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 時雨される | しぐれされる | shigure sareru | |
| Causative | 時雨させる 時雨さす |
しぐれさせる しぐれさす |
shigure saseru shigure sasu | |
| Potential | 時雨できる | しぐれできる | shigure dekiru | |
| Volitional | 時雨しよう | しぐれしよう | shigure shiyō | |
| Negative | 時雨しない | しぐれしない | shigure shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 時雨せず | しぐれせず | shigure sezu | |
| Formal | 時雨します | しぐれします | shigure shimasu | |
| Perfective | 時雨した | しぐれした | shigure shita | |
| Conjunctive | 時雨して | しぐれして | shigure shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 時雨すれば | しぐれすれば | shigure sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Proper noun
[edit]- name of an 泡盛 (awamori, “Okinawan liquor made from rice or millet”)
- a Shiratsuyu-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, see
Japanese destroyer Shigure (1935) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia - a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 時 | 雨 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
う Grade: 1 |
| goon | |
From Middle Chinese 時雨 (MC dzyi hjuX). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- timely or seasonable rain
- Same as しぐれ (shigure) above
Derived terms
[edit]- 時雨の化 (jiu no ka)
Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “時雨”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
Further reading
[edit]- Etymology entry for 時雨 (shigure) on Gogen-Yurai Jiten (Etymology and Origin Dictionary; in Japanese): http://gogen-allguide.com/si/shigure.html
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 時雨る (siguru, “to rain a shower”).
Noun
[edit]時雨 (sigure) (kana しぐれ)
Descendants
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 時
- Chinese terms spelled with 雨
- Chinese literary terms
- Hokkien lemmas
- Hokkien nouns
- Longyan Min Chinese
- Japanese terms spelled with 時
- Japanese terms spelled with 雨
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese short forms
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese female given names
- Japanese surnames
- Japanese terms spelled with 時 read as じ
- Japanese terms spelled with 雨 read as う
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- ja:Rain
- Old Japanese lemmas
- Old Japanese nouns
- Old Japanese terms with usage examples