旦那
Japanese
[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 旦 | 那 |
| だん Grade: S |
な Grade: S |
| goon | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 檀那 |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na), both used as transliterations of Sanskrit दान (dā́na, “generosity, giving, donating”).[1][2][3] Ultimately cognate with English donate and donor, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom.
Attested in Japanese sinophone sources since at least the 1000s and in vernacular Japanese sources since at least 1287.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (Buddhism) generosity as one of the Buddhist perfections (पारमिता (pāramitā))
- (Buddhism) a donation of money, goods, or service to monks or a temple
- (Buddhism) a person who makes such a donation: a patron
- (archaic) in the Japanese medieval period, overnight visitors to a shrine or temple
- broadly, a patron, a husband, a master:
- (honorific) a master of servants, a boss of employees, the master of the house
- (honorific) by extension, an honorific for one's own or someone else's husband
- Carolin Eckhardt, “7 Julia 日本のどこがお好きっ？ [7: Julia, What Place in Japan Do You Like?]”, in 奥さま Guten Tag! [Housewife Good Day!][3] (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha:
- 旦那の隆之はまだお仕事頑張っているところですが、私は先にコーヒー屋さんのアルバイトから帰宅したところです
- Danna no Takayuki wa mada o-shigotoganbatte iru tokoro desu ga, watashi wa saki ni kōhī-ya-san no arubaito kara kitaku shita tokoro desu
- My husband Takayuki is still at work, I’ve just finished my part-time shift at a coffee shop
- 旦那の隆之はまだお仕事頑張っているところですが、私は先にコーヒー屋さんのアルバイトから帰宅したところです
- (honorific) also by extension, used by shopkeepers to address a male customer or by an artisan to refer to one's own school or lineage
- (honorific) a term used by a concubine, mistress, or geisha to refer to one's own patron: a sugar daddy
- (honorific) a term used by female servants to refer to the mistress of the house
Usage notes
[edit]The husband, master, and patron senses may be the most commonly used meanings in modern Japanese.
When referring to another person's husband, this term is often suffixed with 様 (sama) as 旦那様 (danna-sama).
The patron sense in Buddhist contexts is often spelled 檀那.
Synonyms
[edit]- (donation of money, goods, or service): 布施 (fuse)
- (artisanal lineage): 檀那流 (danna ryū)
- (husband, boss, master of the house): 主人 (shujin)
- (a woman's patron, a sugar daddy): パトロン (patoron)
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 旦那ぶる (dannaburu): to act or behave masterfully
- 旦那芸 (dannagei): an art or cultural pursuit studied by someone who is well-to-do as a means of passing the time
- 旦那寺 (danna-dera): a Buddhist temple supported by a household that has converted to Buddhism
- 旦那持ち (danna mochi): having patronage; someone that has patronage (generally female, such as a geisha)
- 旦那取り (danna-dori): taking a master, as a servant; becoming a mistress or concubine
- 旦那場 (dannaba): a good customer
Idioms
[edit]Idioms
- 旦那を取る (danna o toru): "to take a master", to find a patron → generally refers to a geisha or other female finding a male to look after their needs
- 旦那の一気働きは鬼も叶わぬ (danna no ikkibataraki wa oni mo kanawanu): "not even the devil can match the master for getting down to hard work" → someone who rarely has to get involved in actual work will work very hard when they have to roll up their sleeves and do it themselves
- 旦那の喧嘩は槍持ちから (danna no kenka wa yarimochi kara): "fights between masters start from the guardsmen" → disputes between the powerful often arise from minor disputes among their employees or followers: petty foibles can lead to big battles
- 旦那の好きな赤烏帽子 (danna no suki na aka-eboshi): "the master's beloved red eboshi hat" → 烏帽子 (eboshi) are traditionally black, so a red eboshi indicates someone willing to go against tradition: no matter how strange, one must follow one's master
- 旦那の前より釜の前 (danna no mae yori kama no mae): "(better) in front of a pot than in front of a master" → it is better to be one's own master, even if it means being poor
- 旦那三百我五百 (danna sanbyaku ware gohyaku): "three hundred for the master, five hundred for me" → people generally think of their own benefit more than the benefit of their masters or bosses
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “檀那”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ “檀那”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 旦 read as だん
- Japanese terms spelled with 那 read as な
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- ja:Buddhism
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese honorific terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples