撐犁

See also: 撑犁

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (撐犁)		撐	犁
simp. (撑犁)		撑	犁
alternative forms		撐黎／撑黎

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Turkic *teŋri (“sky, heaven, god”). Compare Old Turkic 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃 (teŋri, “god of the blue sky”) (Turkish tanrı (“god”)). Doublet of 騰格里 (Ténggélǐ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chēnglí

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥ ㄌㄧˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chēnglí
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥ ㄌㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chenglí
    • Wade–Giles: chʻêng¹-li²
    • Yale: chēng-lí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chengli
    • Palladius: чэнли (čɛnli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ li³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: lej

Rime
Character	犁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎奚切
Baxter	lej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/
Li Rong	/lei/
Wang Li	/liei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/liei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*rtʰaːŋ  riːl|ril/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lij ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁ[i]j/	/*[r][i]j/
English	plow	plow (n., v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	撐	犁	犁
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	11167	7879	7894
Phonetic component	尚	利	利
Rime group	陽	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	0	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	瞠	黎	棃
Old Chinese	/*rtʰaːŋ/	/*riːl/	/*ril/
Notes	橕分化字見漢書， 今更作撐

Noun

撐犁

1. The word for "sky" in the Xiongnu language