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掘

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 撅
掘 U+6398, 掘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6398
← 掗
[U+6397] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 掙 →
[U+6399]

Translingual

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Han character

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掘 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手尸山山 (QSUU), four-corner 57072, composition ⿰扌屈)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 438, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12264
  • Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1909, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6398

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 掘

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 掘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (出) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
聉 *r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd
贅 *kljods
祟 *sqʰluds
出 *kʰljuds, *kʰljud
茁 *ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud
欪 *qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud
貀 *ŋr'uːd
袦 *ŋr'oːd
咄 *ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd
柮 *sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd
拙 *kljod
炪 *kljod, *l̥ʰud
掘 *ɡlod, *ɡlud
鈯 *l'uːd
啒 *kluːd, *qʰluːd
淈 *kluːd, *ɡluːd
窟 *kʰluːd
泏 *kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud
堀 *kʰluːd, *ɡlud
胐 *kʰluːd
窋 *ʔl'ud
絀 *ʔl'ud
黜 *l̥ʰud
屈 *klud, *kʰlud
趉 *klud
鶌 *klud
詘 *kʰlud
倔 *ɡlud
崛 *ɡlud, *ŋɡlud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡlod, *ɡlud) : semantic 扌 (“hand; action”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-(k/g)wa-t (“to dig out; to scoop out”), cognate to Tibetan རྐོད་པ (rkod pa), རྐོ་བ (rko ba, “to dig; to hoe”) (STEDT). Possibly related to 決 (OC *kʷeːd, “to dig an outlet for water; to burst out”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • “to dig; to beat”.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 掘
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕyɛ³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕye⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕyə⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕyə²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕyɛ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕyu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕye¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕyə⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕye²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/ 老
/t͡ɕie²¹/ 新
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑyɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /d͡ʑyəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyeʔ²¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕye²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕyæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /kʰiut̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐt̚²/
Nanning /kʷet̚²²/
Hong Kong /kwɐt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kut̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ky⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuk̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kut̚³/
Rime
Character 掘 掘
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 物 (60) 月 (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 衢物切 其月切
Baxter gjut gjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨut̚/ /ɡʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡiut̚/ /ɡʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiuət̚/ /ɡiuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gut̚/ /guat̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiuət̚/ /ɡiuɐt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭuət̚/ /ɡĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gi̯uət̚/ /gi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jú jué
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwat6 gyut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 掘 掘
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jué jué
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjut › ‹ gjwot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ut/ /*[ɡ]ot/
English dig out (earth) dig out (earth)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 掘 掘
Reading # 2/2 1/2
No. 1586 1559
Phonetic
component 		出 出
Rime
group 		物 月
Rime
subdivision 		2 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		倔 𧤼
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡlud/ /*ɡlod/

Definitions

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掘

  1. to dig; to excavate
  2. (Hakka) to scratch (with nails, claws)
  3. (Mainland China Hokkien) to beat; to hit; to strike (with a mallet, etc.)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 挖 (“to dig”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 挖
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 挖
Malaysia 挖
Singapore 挖
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 挖
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 掘
Xi'an 挖
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 挖
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 挖
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 挖
Cantonese Guangzhou 掘
Hong Kong 掘
Gan Nanchang 挖
Pingxiang 挖
Jin Taiyuan 挖
Eastern Min Fuzhou 掘
Southern Min Xiamen 搤, 摀, 挖
Quanzhou 搤, 挖
Jinjiang 搤
Zhangzhou 摀, 挖
Tainan 搤, 摀
Singapore (Hokkien) 搤, 摀
Manila (Hokkien) 搤
Leizhou 掘
Haikou 掘
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 挖
Wu Shanghai 掘
Shanghai (Chongming) 挖
Suzhou 掘
Wenzhou 掘
Jinhua 掘

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 掘 – see 窟 (“cave”).
(This character is an obsolete form of 窟).

Japanese

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Kanji

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掘

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to dig

Readings

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  • Go-on: ごち (gochi)
  • Kan-on: くつ (kutsu, Jōyō)、けつ (ketsu)
  • Kun: ほる (horu, 掘る, Jōyō)

Korean

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Hanja

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掘 • (gul, gwol) (hangeul 굴, 궐, revised gul, gwol, McCune–Reischauer kul, kwŏl, Yale kwul, kwel)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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掘: Hán Nôm readings: quật, oặt, quặt, quất, quịt, quát, quạt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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