懵懂

Chinese

		stupid	to understand; to know
trad. (懵懂)		懵	懂
simp. #(懵懂)		懵	懂
alternative forms		蒙董 蒙懂 懞懂 瞢懂 懵董 蒙董 蒙懂 懞懂 瞢懂 懵董 懜懂 𧀧𧄼

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): měngdǒng, méngdǒng, mēngdǒng

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄥˇ, ㄇㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˇ, ㄇㄥ ㄉㄨㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mung² dung² / mung⁵ dung²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): múng-túng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bóng-tóng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: měngdǒng [Phonetic: méngdǒng]
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: měngdǒng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng³-tung³
    • Yale: měng-dǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meengdoong
    • Palladius: мэндун (mɛndun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: méngdǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: méngdǒng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng²-tung³
    • Yale: méng-dǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mengdoong
    • Palladius: мэндун (mɛndun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ³⁵ tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mēngdǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥ ㄉㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mengdǒng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng¹-tung³
    • Yale: mēng-dǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mhengdoong
    • Palladius: мэндун (mɛndun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mung² dung² / mung⁵ dung²
    • Yale: múng dúng / múhng dúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mung² dung² / mung⁵ dung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: mung² dung² / mung⁵ dung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊŋ³⁵ tʊŋ³⁵/, /mʊŋ¹³ tʊŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: múng-túng
    • Hakka Romanization System: mung^ˋ dung^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mung³ dung³
    • Sinological IPA: /muŋ³¹ tuŋ³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bóng-tóng
    • Tâi-lô: bóng-tóng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bofngdorng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: muwngX tuwngX

Rime
Character	懵	懂
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	莫孔切	多動切
Baxter	muwngX	tuwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muŋX/	/tuŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/muŋX/	/tuŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/muŋX/	/tuŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwŋX/	/təwŋX/
Li Rong	/muŋX/	/tuŋX/
Wang Li	/muŋX/	/tuŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muŋX/	/tuŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	měng	dǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mung5	dung2

Adjective

懵懂

1. muddled; confused; ignorant

Synonyms

• (confused): 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng), 迷糊 (míhu), 迷濛／迷蒙 (míméng), 智惛 (zhìhūn)， 糊塗／糊涂 (hútu)

Derived terms

• 懵懂痴呆
• 懵懵懂懂 (měngměngdǒngdǒng)
• 懵裡懵懂 / 懵里懵懂
• 痴呆懵懂
• 聰明一世，懵懂一時 / 聪明一世，懵懂一时 (cōngmíng yīshì, měngdǒng yīshí)
• 聰明一世，懵懂片時 / 聪明一世，懵懂片时

 

Descendants

• ⇒ Early Modern Korean: 흐리믕등 (hulimungtung) (via Ming-Qing Mandarin)
  • Korean: 흐리멍덩 (heurimeongdeong)