憂鬱

See also: 忧郁

Chinese

		worried	dense (growth); melancholy
trad. (憂鬱)		憂	鬱
simp. (忧郁)		忧	郁

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōuyù

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹ wat¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iu-ut
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ieu-iuq₇

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōuyù
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: youyù
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹-yü⁴
  - Yale: yōu-yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouyuh
  - Palladius: ююй (jujuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵ y⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    優裕 / 优裕
    優遇 / 优遇
    憂鬱 / 忧郁
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau¹ wat¹
  - Yale: yāu wāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹ wat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹ wed¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵ wɐt̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu-ut
  - Tâi-lô: iu-ut
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iu'ud
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³ ut̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴⁻²² ut̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ut̚³²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹ieu-iuq₇
  - MiniDict: ieu^平 iuih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ieu-yq₄
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɤ⁵⁵ yɪʔ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ʏ⁴⁴ yəʔ/

Adjective

憂鬱

sad; depressed; melancholic; dejected

Synonyms

edit

低沉 (dīchén)
低落 (dīluò)
冷館 / 冷馆 (Xiamen Hokkien)
喪氣 / 丧气
壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
失望 (shīwàng)
失落 (shīluò)
寡歡 / 寡欢 (guǎhuān)
幽鬱 / 幽郁 (yōuyù) (archaic)
悒鬱 / 悒郁 (yìyù) (literary)
悒鬱寡歡 / 悒郁寡欢 (yìyùguǎhuān)
愁悶 / 愁闷 (chóumèn)
憂悶 / 忧闷 (yōumèn)
慘沮 / 惨沮 (cǎnjǔ) (literary)
憋悶 / 憋闷
懊喪 / 懊丧 (àosàng)
抑鬱 / 抑郁 (yìyù)
沉悶 / 沉闷 (chénmèn)
沉抑 (chényì)
沉鬱 / 沉郁 (chényù) (literary)
沮喪 / 沮丧 (jǔsàng)
消極 / 消极 (xiāojí)
消沉 (xiāochén)
灰 (huī) (literary, or in compounds)
灰心 (huīxīn)
灰心喪氣 / 灰心丧气 (huīxīnsàngqì)
煩悶 / 烦闷 (fánmèn)
神傷 / 神伤 (shénshāng) (literary)
索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
苦悶 / 苦闷 (kǔmèn)
萎靡
陰暗 / 阴暗 (yīn'àn)
陰沉 / 阴沉 (yīnchén)
頹唐 / 颓唐 (tuítáng)
頹喪 / 颓丧 (tuísàng)
頹廢 / 颓废 (tuífèi)
鬱悶 / 郁闷 (yùmèn)
鬱鬱 / 郁郁 (yùyù) (literary)
鬱鬱不樂 / 郁郁不乐 (yùyùbùlè)
鬱鬱寡歡 / 郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
鬱鬱寡歡 / 郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
齪嘈 / 龊嘈 (Hokkien)

Noun

憂鬱

(psychology) (～症, ～病) depression

Derived terms

憂鬱症 / 忧郁症 (yōuyùzhèng)
憂鬱的臺灣烏龜 / 忧郁的台湾乌龟 (yōuyù de Táiwān wūguī)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
憂	鬱
ゆう Grade: S	うつ Grade: S
kan'on

Alternative spellings
憂うつ幽鬱悒鬱

Etymology

/iu utu/ → /jɨuːt͡su/ → /juːut͡su/

From Middle Chinese compound 憂鬱 (MC 'juw 'jut, literally “worry + melancholy”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ゆううつ [yùúútsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ːɯ̟t͡sɨ]

Adjective

憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ) • (yūutsu) ^{←いううつ (iuutu)^?}-na (adnominal 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)な (yūutsu na), adverbial 憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)に (yūutsu ni))

depressed, gloomy, melancholic
Synonyms: 鬱 (utsu), メランコリック (merankorikku)

身体(からだ)の(の)調(ちょう)子(し)が(が)悪(わる)くて憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)だ。
Karada no chōshi ga warukute yūutsu da.
I feel depressed about my poor health.
(of vegetation) thick, dense
Synonym: 繁い (shigei)

Inflection

Inflection of 憂鬱

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	憂鬱だろ	ゆううつだろ	yūutsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	憂鬱で	ゆううつで	yūutsu de
Terminal (終止形)	憂鬱だ	ゆううつだ	yūutsu da
Attributive (連体形)	憂鬱な	ゆううつな	yūutsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	憂鬱なら	ゆううつなら	yūutsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	憂鬱であれ	ゆううつであれ	yūutsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	憂鬱ではない憂鬱じゃない	ゆううつではないゆううつじゃない	yūutsu de wa nai yūutsu ja nai
Informal past	憂鬱だった	ゆううつだった	yūutsu datta
Informal negative past	憂鬱ではなかった憂鬱じゃなかった	ゆううつではなかったゆううつじゃなかった	yūutsu de wa nakatta yūutsu ja nakatta
Formal	憂鬱です	ゆううつです	yūutsu desu
Formal negative	憂鬱ではありません憂鬱じゃありません	ゆううつではありませんゆううつじゃありません	yūutsu de wa arimasen yūutsu ja arimasen
Formal past	憂鬱でした	ゆううつでした	yūutsu deshita
Formal negative past	憂鬱ではありませんでした憂鬱じゃありませんでした	ゆううつではありませんでしたゆううつじゃありませんでした	yūutsu de wa arimasen deshita yūutsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	憂鬱で	ゆううつで	yūutsu de
Conditional	憂鬱なら（ば）	ゆううつなら（ば）	yūutsu nara (ba)
Provisional	憂鬱だったら	ゆううつだったら	yūutsu dattara
Volitional	憂鬱だろう	ゆううつだろう	yūutsu darō
Adverbial	憂鬱に	ゆううつに	yūutsu ni
Degree	憂鬱さ	ゆううつさ	yūutsusa

Noun

憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ) • (yūutsu) ^{←いううつ (iuutu)^?}

depression, dejection, gloom, melancholy
Synonyms: 鬱 (utsu), デプレッション (depuresshon), メランコリー (merankorī)

涼宮(すずみや)ハルヒの憂鬱(ゆううつ)
Suzumiya Haruhi no Yūutsu
The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya

Derived terms

憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)質(しつ) (yūutsu-shitsu, “susceptibility to depression”)
憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)症(しょう) (yūutsu-shō, “melancholia”)
憂(ゆう)鬱(うつ)病(びょう) (yūutsu-byō, “depression as a diagnosis”)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Takebayashi, Shigeru (1993) The Kenkyusha Japanese-English Learner's Pocket Dictionary, Tōkyō: Kenkyūsha, →ISBN.

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Anagrams

鬱(うつ)憂(ゆう) (utsuyū, “depressive hopelessness”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
憂	鬱

Noun

憂鬱 • (uul) (hangeul 우울)

hanja form^? of 우울 (“melancholy, depression, dejection”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
憂	鬱

Noun

憂鬱

chữ Hán form of ưu uất (“melancholy, depression, dejection”).

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[JEL-2] Takebayashi, Shigeru (1993) The Kenkyusha Japanese-English Learner's Pocket Dictionary, Tōkyō: Kenkyūsha, →ISBN.

[1]

[2]