寒暖

Chinese

		cold; poor; to tremble	warm; toasty
simp. and trad. (寒暖)		寒	暖

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hánnuǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ ㄋㄨㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hon⁴ nyun⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hánnuǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ ㄋㄨㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hánnuǎn
    • Wade–Giles: han²-nuan³
    • Yale: hán-nwǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harnnoan
    • Palladius: ханьнуань (xanʹnuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän³⁵ nu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hon⁴ nyun⁵
    • Yale: hòhn nyúhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁴ nyn⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: hon⁴ nün⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²¹ nyːn¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: han nwanX

Rime
Character	寒	暖
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡安切	乃管切
Baxter	han	nwanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑn/	/nuɑnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑn/	/nʷɑnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑn/	/nuɑnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦan/	/nwanX/
Li Rong	/ɣɑn/	/nuɑnX/
Wang Li	/ɣɑn/	/nuɑnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑn/	/nuɑnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán	nuǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon4	nyun5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːn  noːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hán
Middle Chinese	‹ han ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁa[n]/
English	cold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寒	暖
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4870	16157
Phonetic component	寒	爰
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	寒	煗
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːn/	/*noːnʔ/
Notes		煖分化字見墨子訓讀同煗

Noun

寒暖

1. coldness and warmness (especially of weather); changes in temperature
2. (figurative) daily life; living conditions

Derived terms

• 寒暖色

 

See also

• 冷暖 (lěngnuǎn)
• 寒暑 (hánshǔ)
• 寒暄 (hánxuān)