壙

See also: 圹

壙 U+58D9, 壙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58D9 ← 壘 [U+58D8] CJK Unified Ideographs 壚 → [U+58DA]

Translingual

Han character

壙 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+15, 18 strokes, cangjie input 土戈廿金 (GITC), four-corner 4018₆, composition ⿰土廣)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5576
• Dae Jaweon: page 481, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 497, character 6
• Unihan data for U+58D9

Chinese

trad.		壙
simp.		圹

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
僙	*kʷaːŋ
廣	*kʷaːŋʔ
鄺	*kʷaːŋʔ, *qʰʷaːŋ
懬	*kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰaːŋʔ
爌	*kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰʷaːŋs, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
曠	*kʰʷaːŋs
矌	*kʰʷaːŋs
壙	*kʰʷaːŋs
纊	*kʰʷaːŋs
黃	*ɡʷaːŋ
璜	*ɡʷaːŋ
潢	*ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷaːŋs
簧	*ɡʷaːŋ
癀	*ɡʷaːŋ
鱑	*ɡʷaːŋ
獚	*ɡʷaːŋ
蟥	*ɡʷaːŋ
趪	*ɡʷaːŋ
櫎	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
擴	*ɡʷlaːŋs, *kʰʷaːɡ
瀇	*qʷaːŋʔ
獷	*kʷaŋʔ, *kʷraːŋʔ
觵	*kʷraːŋ
礦	*kʷraːŋʔ
鑛	*kʷraːŋʔ
穬	*kʷraːŋʔ
橫	*ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ
黌	*ɡʷraːŋ
鐄	*ɡʷraːŋ
嚝	*qʰʷraːŋ
彉	*kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ
彍	*kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷaːŋs): semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuàng (kuang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong³ / kong³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuang⁴
    • Yale: kwàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
    • Palladius: куан (kuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwong³ / kong³
    • Yale: kwong / kong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwong³ / kong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuong³ / kong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːŋ³³/, /kʰɔːŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khwangH

Rime
Character	壙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦謗切
Baxter	khwangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwaŋH/
Li Rong	/kʰuɑŋH/
Wang Li	/kʰuɑŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰwɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰˤaŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷaːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuàng
Middle Chinese	‹ khwangH ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷʰˁaŋ-s/
English	grave pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壙
Reading #	1/1
No.	5376
Phonetic component	黄
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	曠
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷaːŋs/

Definitions

壙

1. (literary) tomb; grave
2. (literary) open wilderness; prairie
3. (literary) Alternative form of 曠 / 旷 (kuàng, “vast; expansive”)

Compounds

• 壙久 / 圹久
• 壙僚 / 圹僚
• 壙埌 / 圹埌 (kuànglàng)
• 壙壙 / 圹圹
• 壙遠 / 圹远
• 生壙 / 生圹
• 痟狗舂墓壙 / 痟狗舂墓圹 (siáu káu cheng bōng-khòng) (Min Nan)

References

• “壙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

壙

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
• Kun: あな (ana, 壙)

Korean

Hanja

壙 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

壙: Hán Nôm readings: khoảng

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