礦

See also: 砿, 矿, 鑛, and 鉱

礦 U+7926, 礦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7926 ← 礥 [U+7925] CJK Unified Ideographs 礧 → [U+7927]

Translingual

Traditional	礦
Shinjitai (extended)	砿
Simplified	矿

Traditional	礦
Simplified	矿
Japanese	鉱
Korean	鑛

Han character

礦 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口戈廿金 (MRITC), four-corner 1068₆, composition ⿰石廣)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24564
• Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 13
• Unihan data for U+7926

Chinese

trad.		礦
simp.		矿
alternative forms		鑛／矿 鉱 磺 丱 卝 鑛／矿 鉱 磺 丱 卝 鋛 𥐫 𥒩 𨥑 𨥥 𨧾 𨨭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
僙	*kʷaːŋ
廣	*kʷaːŋʔ
鄺	*kʷaːŋʔ, *qʰʷaːŋ
懬	*kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰaːŋʔ
爌	*kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰʷaːŋs, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
曠	*kʰʷaːŋs
矌	*kʰʷaːŋs
壙	*kʰʷaːŋs
纊	*kʰʷaːŋs
黃	*ɡʷaːŋ
璜	*ɡʷaːŋ
潢	*ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷaːŋs
簧	*ɡʷaːŋ
癀	*ɡʷaːŋ
鱑	*ɡʷaːŋ
獚	*ɡʷaːŋ
蟥	*ɡʷaːŋ
趪	*ɡʷaːŋ
櫎	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
擴	*ɡʷlaːŋs, *kʰʷaːɡ
瀇	*qʷaːŋʔ
獷	*kʷaŋʔ, *kʷraːŋʔ
觵	*kʷraːŋ
礦	*kʷraːŋʔ
鑛	*kʷraːŋʔ
穬	*kʷraːŋʔ
橫	*ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ
黌	*ɡʷraːŋ
鐄	*ɡʷraːŋ
嚝	*qʰʷraːŋ
彉	*kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ
彍	*kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷraːŋʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): kuàng, gǒng (kuang⁴, gong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ, ㄍㄨㄥˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kuang⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong³ / gwong³ / kong³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khóng / khong

  (Meixian, Guangdong): guang³

• Eastern Min (BUC): kuōng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khǹg / khòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kuang³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland and Taiwan standard)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuang⁴
    • Yale: kwàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
    • Palladius: куан (kuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
    • Wade–Giles: kung³
    • Yale: gǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: kuang⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwong³ / gwong³ / kong³
    • Yale: kwong / gwong / kong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwong³ / gwong³ / kong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuong³ / guong³ / kong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːŋ³³/, /kʷɔːŋ³³/, /kʰɔːŋ³³/

Note: gwong3, kong3 - alternative pronunciations.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng / khong
    • Hakka Romanization System: kong^ˋ / kong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kong³ / kong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹/, /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: guang³
    • Sinological IPA: /kuaŋ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kuōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuoŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: korng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
    • Tâi-lô: khǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
    • Tâi-lô: khòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/

Note:

• khǹg - vernacular;
• khòng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kuang³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuàng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwaengX

Rime
Character	礦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (110)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古猛切
Baxter	kwaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠwæŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚaŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kuaŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨjŋX/
Li Rong	/kuɐŋX/
Wang Li	/kwɐŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwɐŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwang2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礦
Reading #	1/1
No.	5395
Phonetic component	黄
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	礦
Old Chinese	/*kʷraːŋʔ/
Notes	說文作磺

Definitions

礦

1. mineral deposit
2. ore
3. mine
4. a surname: Kuang

Compounds

• 人礦／人矿 (rénkuàng)
• 共生礦／共生矿
• 北海油礦／北海油矿
• 博淄煤礦／博淄煤矿
• 原生礦物／原生矿物
• 團礦／团矿
• 大冶鐵礦／大冶铁矿
• 大同煤礦／大同煤矿
• 富礦／富矿 (fùkuàng)
• 工礦檢查／工矿检查
• 工礦炸藥／工矿炸药
• 成礦作用／成矿作用
• 探礦／探矿 (tànkuàng)
• 採礦／采矿 (cǎikuàng)
• 斑光銅礦／斑光铜矿
• 斑銅礦／斑铜矿 (bāntóngkuàng)
• 方鉛礦／方铅矿
• 次生礦物／次生矿物
• 水錳礦／水锰矿
• 油礦／油矿
• 淄博煤礦／淄博煤矿
• 煤礦／煤矿 (méikuàng)
• 燃料礦物／燃料矿物
• 白鉛礦／白铅矿 (báiqiānkuàng)
• 白鎢礦／白钨矿 (báiwūkuàng)
• 砂礫礦床／砂砾矿床
• 砷黃鐵礦／砷黄铁矿
• 磁鐵礦／磁铁矿 (cítiěkuàng)
• 磁黃鐵礦／磁黄铁矿
• 磷礦／磷矿 (Línkuàng)
• 磷酸礦／磷酸矿
• 礦井／矿井 (kuàngjǐng)
• 礦化作用／矿化作用
• 礦區／矿区 (kuàngqū)
• 礦坑／矿坑 (kuàngkēng)
• 礦場／矿场 (kuàngchǎng)
• 礦塵／矿尘
• 礦層／矿层
• 礦山／矿山 (kuàngshān)
• 礦工／矿工 (kuànggōng)
• 礦床／矿床 (kuàngchuáng)
• 礦業／矿业 (kuàngyè)
• 礦業權／矿业权
• 礦業法／矿业法
• 礦泉／矿泉 (kuàngquán)
• 礦油／矿油
• 礦泉水／矿泉水 (kuàngquánshuǐ)
• 礦燈／矿灯
• 礦物／矿物 (kuàngwù)
• 礦物學／矿物学 (kuàngwùxué)
• 礦物油／矿物油
• 礦物纖維／矿物纤维
• 礦物質／矿物质 (kuàngwùzhì)
• 礦產／矿产 (kuàngchǎn)
• 礦石／矿石 (kuàngshí)
• 礦砂／矿砂
• 礦綿／矿绵
• 礦脈／矿脉
• 礦脂／矿脂 (kuàngzhī)
• 礦苗／矿苗
• 礦藏／矿藏 (kuàngcáng)
• 礦體／矿体
• 礦鹽／矿盐
• 聚礦作用／聚矿作用
• 脈石礦物／脉石矿物
• 萍鄉煤礦／萍乡煤矿
• 菱鋅礦／菱锌矿
• 菱鎂礦／菱镁矿
• 菱鐵礦／菱铁矿
• 褐錳礦／褐锰矿
• 褐鐵礦／褐铁矿
• 貧礦／贫矿
• 赤鉛礦／赤铅矿
• 赤銅礦／赤铜矿
• 赤鐵礦／赤铁矿 (chìtiěkuàng)
• 軟錳礦／软锰矿
• 輝銅礦／辉铜矿
• 輝銀礦／辉银矿
• 輝銻礦／辉锑矿
• 選礦／选矿
• 酸礦／酸矿
• 金礦／金矿 (jīnkuàng)
• 鈾礦／铀矿 (yóukuàng)
• 鉛礦／铅矿 (qiānkuàng)
• 銀礦／银矿 (yínkuàng)
• 銅礦／铜矿 (tóngkuàng)
• 鋁土礦／铝土矿 (lǚtǔkuàng)
• 鋅鐵礦／锌铁矿
• 錫礦／锡矿 (xīkuàng)
• 錫礦山／锡矿山
• 鎢錳鐵礦／钨锰铁矿
• 鏡鐵礦／镜铁矿
• 鐵礦／铁矿 (tiěkuàng)
• 開灤煤礦／开滦煤矿
• 開礦／开矿 (kāikuàng)
• 露天礦／露天矿
• 黃鐵礦／黄铁矿 (huángtiěkuàng)
• 黝銅礦／黝铜矿

 

Descendants

• → Bouyei: kuangq
• → Zhuang: gvangq

References

• “礦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02873

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	砿
Kyūjitai	礦

Kanji

礦

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 砿)

1. Alternative form of 鉱: mineral

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)←くゐやう (kwiyau, ancient)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
• Kun: あらがね (aragane, 礦)

Compounds

• 礦(こう)業(ぎょう) (kōgyō, “mining”)
• 礦(こう)石(せき) (kōseki, “ore”)
• 炭(たん)礦(こう) (tankō, “coal mine”)

Korean

Hanja

礦 • (gwang, hwang) (hangeul 광, 황, revised gwang, hwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, hwang, Yale kwang, hwang)

1. mineral, ore

Vietnamese

Han character

礦: Hán Nôm readings: khoáng, quáng, khoắng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.