塊然

Chinese

		piece; chunk; lump piece; chunk; lump; (a measure word, for cloth, cake, soap); (measure word for chunks, lumps); yuan (unit of currency); fast (of a watch); swift; rapid; happy; joyful; soon; quick	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (塊然)		塊	然
simp. (块然)		块	然
alternative forms		魁然

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuàirán

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuàirán
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuàirán
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuai⁴-jan²
    • Yale: kwài-rán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuayran
    • Palladius: куайжань (kuajžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: khwojH nyen

Rime
Character	塊	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	苦對切	如延切
Baxter	khwojH	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuʌiH/	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuoiH/	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɒiH/	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwəjH/	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/kʰuᴀiH/	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/kʰuɒiH/	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰuɑ̆iH/	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuì	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui3	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤ<r>uj-s|[kʰ]ˤuj-s  [n]a[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːls|kʰruːds  njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	塊	塊	然
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuài	kuài	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ khwɛjH ›	‹ khwojH ›	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁ<r>uj-s/	/*[kʰ]ˁuj-s/	/*[n]a[n]/
English	clod, lump	clod; lump	so, thus; (adv suffix)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	塊	塊	然
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	4666	4676	10756
Phonetic component	鬼	鬼	肰
Rime group	微	隊	元
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	塊	蒯	然
Old Chinese	/*kʰuːls/	/*kʰruːds/	/*njen/
Notes	說文凷或體	或作墤，廣韻只作墤

Adjective

塊然

1. (literary) alone; solitary; independent
2. (literary) calm; at ease
3. (literary) indifferent; ignorant