周章

Chinese

		encircle; circuit; complete encircle; circuit; complete; lap; week; cycle; all; every; attentive; thoughtful	chapter; seal; section
trad. (周章)		周	章
simp. #(周章)		周	章

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōuzhāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ ㄓㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau¹ zoeng¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiu-chiong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōuzhāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ ㄓㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhoujhang
    • Wade–Giles: chou¹-chang¹
    • Yale: jōu-jāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joujang
    • Palladius: чжоучжан (čžoučžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zau¹ zoeng¹
    • Yale: jāu jēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹ dzoeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹ zêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu-chiong
    • Tâi-lô: tsiu-tsiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciuciofng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyuw tsyang

Rime
Character	周	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	職流切	諸良切
Baxter	tsyuw	tsyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/	/t͡ɕiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/	/t͡ɕiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/	/cɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/	/t͡ɕiaŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/	/t͡ɕĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu	zhāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau1	zoeng1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tiw  taŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw  kjaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	周	周	章
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu	zhōu	zhāng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›	‹ tsyuw ›	‹ tsyang ›
Old Chinese	/*tiw/	/*tiw/	/*taŋ/
English	Zhōu (dynasty and place)	cycle; all around	brilliant; distinctive mark; to display
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	周	章
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17531	16817
Phonetic component	周	章
Rime group	幽	陽
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	周	章
Old Chinese	/*tjɯw/	/*kjaŋ/
Notes	甲金文象田間稼密， 爲稠初文

Adjective

周章

1. (literary) flustered; frightened

Derived terms

• 周章狼狽／周章狼狈 (zhōuzhānglángbèi)

 

Noun

周章

1. (literary) setback; complication; twists and turns; trouble; effort

Synonyms

• 周折 (zhōuzhé)

Derived terms

• 大費周章／大费周章 (dàfèizhōuzhāng)
• 煞費周章／煞费周章
• 費周章／费周章