右扶風

Chinese

		right (-hand)	to support with hand; to help someone up; to help	wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner
trad. (右扶風)		右	扶	風
simp. (右扶风)		右	扶	风

Etymology

First created in the Han era [104 BCE], the name was probably coined. According to a commentary to the Book of Han by Zhang Yan (張晏, c. 3rd century?) as collected by Yan Shigu (581–645) much later, 扶 (OC *ba) could be glossed as "to assist", and 風 (OC *plum, *plums) as "to teach, to influence, to cultivate".

The phrase 扶風 (OC *ba plum) also refers to "strong wind; gale". Together with the 左馮翊 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ brɯŋ lɯɡ), they would form the right and left wings of the imperial district; see the Etymology section there for more information.

The 右 component refers to the geographical position relative to the imperial city of Chang'an: As the Son of Heaven faces the south, the Fufeng lies on the right-hand side.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Yòu Fúfēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄈㄥ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Yòu Fúfēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄈㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Yòu Fúfong
    • Wade–Giles: Yu⁴ Fu²-fêng¹
    • Yale: Yòu Fú-fēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yow Fwufeng
    • Palladius: Ю Фуфэн (Ju Fufɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵¹ fu³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: hjuwX bju pjuwng

Rime
Character	右	扶	風
Reading #	1/2	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	虞 (24)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	云久切	防無切	方戎切
Baxter	hjuwX	bju	pjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨuX/	/bɨo/	/pɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiuX/	/bio/	/piuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiəuX/	/bio/	/piuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuwX/	/buə̆/	/puwŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣiuX/	/bio/	/piuŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣĭəuX/	/bĭu/	/pĭuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯uX/	/bʱi̯u/	/pi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒu	fú	fēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau5	fu4	fung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ  m-[p](r)a  prəm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯʔ  ba  plum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	右	扶	風
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yòu	fú	fēng
Middle Chinese	‹ hjuwX ›	‹ bju ›	‹ pjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/	/*m-[p](r)a/	/*prəm/
English	right hand	assist	wind (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	右	扶	風
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2
No.	15597	3280	2921
Phonetic component	又	夫	凡
Rime group	之	魚	侵
Rime subdivision	0	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	有	扶	風
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷɯʔ/	/*ba/	/*plum/

Proper noun

右扶風

1. (historical) You Fufeng (historical administrative and geographic division in the western vicinity of Chang'an)

Hypernyms

• 三輔／三辅 (sānfǔ)