參見

Chinese

		ginseng; take part in; participate ginseng; take part in; participate; join; attend; to join; unequal; varied; irregular; to counsel; uneven; not uniform	to see; to meet; to appear to see; to meet; to appear; to interview
trad. (參見)		參	見
simp. (参见)		参	见

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cānjiàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam¹ gin³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhâm-kien / chhâm-kian
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chham-kiàn

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cānjiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: canjiàn
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻan¹-chien⁴
    • Yale: tsān-jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsanjiann
    • Palladius: цаньцзянь (canʹczjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: caam¹ gin³
    • Yale: chāam gin
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam¹ gin³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam¹ gin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵ kiːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâm-kien
    • Hakka Romanization System: cam^ˊ gien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cam¹ gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯en⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâm-kian
    • Hakka Romanization System: cam^ˊ gian
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cam¹ gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯an⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham-kiàn
    • Tâi-lô: tsham-kiàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhamkiexn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam³³ kiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

Verb

參見

1. to consult for reference; to refer to
2. refer also to; see
3. to pay respect to

   • 參見大清國皇帝陛下。外臣博文此次來到貴國認為漫遊。今縈召見，殊為荼耀。 [MSC, trad.]
     参见大清国皇帝陛下。外臣博文此次来到贵国认为漫游。今萦召见，殊为荼耀。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 蒼穹之昴

     Cānjiàn dàqīng guó huángdì bìxià. Wàichén bówén cǐcì láidào guìguó rènwèi mànyóu. Jīn yíng zhàojiàn, shūwèi túyào. [Pinyin]

     Respect is hereby paid to Your Majesty the Emperor of the Great Qing Empire. This foreign official, Hirobumi, visits your country this time with the intention to travel around. Having been granted an audience [with you] today is definitely an honour.

4. (literary) to pay a formal visit (to a superior)

Synonyms

• (to consult):

edit

• 參照／参照 (cānzhào)
• 參看／参看 (cānkàn)
• 參考／参考 (cānkǎo)
• 參閱／参阅 (cānyuè)

 

• (refer also to): 參看／参看 (cānkàn), 參考／参考 (cānkǎo)
• (to pay a formal visit):

edit

• 拜會／拜会 (bàihuì) (honorific, chiefly in diplomatic contexts)
• 拜見／拜见 (bàijiàn) (honorific)
• 拜謁／拜谒 (bàiyè) (honorific, literary)
• 謁見／谒见 (yèjiàn) (literary)
• 進見／进见 (jìnjiàn)

 

Further reading

• 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.