化成

Chinese

Etymology 1

		to change	to become
trad. (化成)		化	成
simp. #(化成)		化	成
anagram		成化

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huàchéng

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huàchéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huàchéng
    • Wade–Giles: hua⁴-chʻêng²
    • Yale: hwà-chéng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahcherng
    • Palladius: хуачэн (xuačɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Verb

化成

1. to transform; to turn into

Etymology 2

		to civilize	to complete
trad. (化成)		化	成
simp. #(化成)		化	成
anagram		成化

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huàchéng

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huàchéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huàchéng
    • Wade–Giles: hua⁴-chʻêng²
    • Yale: hwà-chéng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahcherng
    • Palladius: хуачэн (xuačɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: xwaeH dzyeng

Rime
Character	化	成
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	呼霸切	是征切
Baxter	xwaeH	dzyeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠuaH/	/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷᵚaH/	/d͡ʑiɛŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xuaH/	/d͡ʑiæŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwaɨH/	/d͡ʑiajŋ/
Li Rong	/xuaH/	/ʑiɛŋ/
Wang Li	/xwaH/	/ʑĭɛŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xwaH/	/ʑi̯ɛŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huà	chéng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faa3	sing4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s  m-[d]eŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hŋʷraːls  djeŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	化	成
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huà	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ xwæH ›	‹ dzyeng ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/	/*m-[d]eŋ/
English	transform	to complete (tr. v)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	化	成
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5327	1417
Phonetic component	化	成
Rime group	歌	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	化	成
Old Chinese	/*hŋʷraːls/	/*djeŋ/
Notes		說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎， 或表戈已製成

Verb

化成

1. (Classical) to civilize successfully

   • 聖人久於其道，而天下化成。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     圣人久于其道，而天下化成。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Shèngrén jiǔ yú qí dào, ér tiānxià huàchéng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
化	成
か Grade: 3	せい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Etymology

From 化 (ka, “change into”) + 成 (sei, “form”).

Noun

化(か)成(せい) • (kasei) 

1. chemical synthesis, transformation

Derived terms

• 化成工業 (kasei kōgyō): chemical industry
• 化成肥料 (kasei hiryō): chemical fertilizer

Verb

化(か)成(せい)する • (kasei suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 化(か)成(せい)し (kasei shi), past 化(か)成(せい)した (kasei shita))

1. chemically transform