俄國

See also: 俄国

Chinese

		phonetic	country; state; nation
trad. (俄國)		俄	國
simp. (俄国)		俄	国

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俄國

Etymology

From 俄 (É, abbreviation of 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)) + 國／国 (guó, “country”); attested as early as 1838, in the Eastern Western Monthly Magazine.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Éguó, Èguó

(Zhuyin): ㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ, ㄜˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngo⁴ gwok³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngo³ gok²
Gan (Wiktionary): 'ngo⁴ guet⁶
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ngo² guêd⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): Ngò̤-guók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Gô-kok / Ngô͘-kok

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngo⁵ gog⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ngu-koq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Éguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: éguó
  - Wade–Giles: o²-kuo²
  - Yale: é-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ergwo
  - Palladius: эго (ego)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant, common in Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Èguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: èguó
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴-kuo²
  - Yale: è-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehgwo
  - Palladius: эго (ego)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    俄國 / 俄国
    鄂國 / 鄂国
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngo⁴ gwok³
  - Yale: ngòh gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngo³ gok²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡᵘɔ²² kɔk̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'ngo⁴ guet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈŋo³⁵ kuɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngo² guêd⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋo¹¹ kuɛt̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Ngò̤-guók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³⁻²¹ ^(k-)uɔʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gô-kok
  - Tâi-lô: Gô-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goi'kog
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡo²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ngô͘-kok
  - Tâi-lô: Ngôo-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngo'kog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngo⁵ gog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô kok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ngu-koq
  - MiniDict: ngu^去 koh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngu-koq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²² koʔ⁴⁴/

Proper noun

俄國

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia) (at any point of its history)
(specifically, historical) Short for 俄羅斯帝國／俄罗斯帝国 (Éluósī dìguó, “Russian Empire”).
(chiefly Taiwan, by extension, historical) Soviet Russia
- 四年以來俄國策動東歐各國的共黨 [MSC, trad.]
  四年以来俄国策动东欧各国的共党 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1949, 蔣中正 (Chiang Kai-shek), 《中華民國三十八年國慶紀念告全國軍民同胞書》
  sì nián yǐlái Éguó cèdòng Dōng'ōu gèguó de gòngdǎng [Pinyin]
  Soviet Russia has been instigating communist parties in Eastern Europe for four years

Usage notes

俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī) is more commonly used when referring to the modern country (instead of the historical Russian Empire), while 俄國／俄国 (Éguó) is typically used to refer to the former Russian Empire. But if 俄國／俄国 (Éguó) is used as an attributive, it is equivalent to 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī) (e.g. 俄國人／俄国人 (Éguórén) and 俄羅斯人／俄罗斯人 (éluósīrén) both refer to "a Russian person, Russian people".)

Synonyms

(Russia):

Dialectal synonyms of 俄羅斯 (“Russia”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	俄羅斯, 俄國
	Malaysia	俄羅斯
	Singapore	俄羅斯
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	烏魯斯
Cantonese	Hong Kong	俄羅斯, 俄國
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	露西亞, 俄羅
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	露西亞, 俄羅
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	露西亞, 俄羅
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	露西亞, 俄羅
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	露西亞, 俄羅
Southern Min	Xiamen	俄羅斯
	Quanzhou	俄羅斯
	Zhangzhou	俄羅斯
	Taipei	露西亞 GT
	Manila (Hokkien)	蘇聯
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(Russian Empire):
- 俄羅斯帝國／俄罗斯帝国 (Éluósī dìguó)
- 帝俄 (Dì'é)
- 沙俄 (Shā'é)
(Soviet Union):
- 蘇聯／苏联 (Sūlián)
- 赤俄 (chì'é)
- 蘇俄／苏俄 (Sū'é)
- (Mainland China, dated, derogatory) 蘇修／苏修 (Sūxiū)

Derived terms

俄國人 / 俄国人 (Éguórén)
俄國沙拉 / 俄国沙拉 (Éguó shālā)

Descendants

→ Lü: ᦵᦁᦲᧉᦷᦅᧉ (ʼoe²ko²)