尸

See also: 戶, 户, 戸, 屍, ㄕ, and 𡰣

尸 U+5C38, 尸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C38 ← 尷 [U+5C37] CJK Unified Ideographs 尹 → [U+5C39]

⼫ U+2F2B, ⼫ KANGXI RADICAL CORPSE ← ⼪ [U+2F2A] Kangxi Radicals ⼬ → [U+2F2C]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

尸 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸 (S), four-corner 7720₇, composition ⿰丿コ)

1. Kangxi radical #44, ⼫.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/尸
• 㕧, 迉, 𤰨, 𮓴, 𧥤, 𣢁, 𨾋, 鳲(鸤), 凥, 杘, 𣢂, 𧿃, 𨾈, 䬤, 孱, 䲩, 羼
• 戸, 户, 戶, 𠔅, 卢, 𡔜, 𠧕, 𢛥, 𡖀, 𥣡, 𦎾

Descendants

• ㄕ

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 299, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7630
• Dae Jaweon: page 595, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 963, character 14
• Unihan data for U+5C38

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 尸
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (尸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
杘	*l̥ʰis
尸	*hli
鳲	*hli
屍	*hli, *hlis
屎	*hliʔ, *hri

Pictogram (象形) - A man with his legs bending, and a side to the front. Its ancient form is 𡰣. The picture is variously interpreted as either sitting or lying.

When used as a radical, 尸 is usually derived from a variation of 人 or 亻, as in 尾.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		尸

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shī (shi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂

  (Meixian, Guangdong): si¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): sĭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): si

  (Teochew, Peng'im): si¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shī
    • Zhuyin: ㄕ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shih
    • Wade–Giles: shih¹
    • Yale: shr̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: si¹
    • Yale: sī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: si¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
    • Tâi-lô: si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /si⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /si³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /si⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /si⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: si¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: syij

Rime
Character	尸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	式之切
Baxter	syij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕi/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕi/
Li Rong	/ɕi/
Wang Li	/ɕi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥̥[ə]j/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hli/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	尸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shī
Middle Chinese	‹ syij ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥̥[ə]j/
English	corpse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	尸
Reading #	1/1
No.	11396
Phonetic component	尸
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*hli/

Definitions

尸

1. (historical) a living person who represents the dead person during a rite
2. dead body

Compounds

• 三尸
• 三尸神
• 伏尸
• 伏尸流血
• 尸位 (shīwèi)
• 尸位病民
• 尸位素餐 (shīwèisùcān)
• 尸位誤國 / 尸位误国
• 尸利
• 尸利
• 尸居餘氣 / 尸居余气 (shījūyúqì)
• 尸居龍見 / 尸居龙见
• 尸祝
• 尸祝代庖
• 尸祿素餐 (shīlùsùcān)
• 尸素 (shīsù)
• 尸解
• 尸諫
• 尸陀林 (shītuólín)
• 尸饔
• 尸鳩 (shījiū)
• 尸鳩之仁 (shījiū zhī rén)
• 尸鳩之平 (shījiū zhī píng)
• 懷寵尸位 / 怀宠尸位
• 批尸
• 撫尸慟哭 / 抚尸恸哭
• 流血浮尸
• 祭尸
• 素餐尸位
• 輿尸

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 尸 – see 屍 (“corpse; carcass”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 屍).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

尸

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. corpse; cadaver

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: かたしろ (katashiro, 尸)、しかばね (shikabane, 尸)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
尸
しかばね Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
尸
かばね Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 尸 – see the following entry.

【屍かばね】H [noun] [720] a corpse, a cadaver 【屍しかばね】H [noun] [late 1100s] a corpse, a cadaver

(This term, 尸, is an alternative spelling (mainly in compounds) of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

尸 (eum 시 (si))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Korean

Etymology 1

Most likely from the Old Chinese initial of 尸 (OC *hli). Other, but less likely, hypotheses include that it was a graphic abbreviation of some other character with initial */l/ (but no such character has been easily identified), or that it was invented in Korea (but there would appear to be no motivation for this, given the commonness of /l/ in all stages of Chinese).

Phonogram

尸 (*-l or *-lh)

1. A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-l or *-lh.

   ‎道 (“road”, logogram) + ‎尸 (*-l, coda-marking phonogram) → ‎道尸 (*KIl(h), “road”)

   ‎二 (“two”, logogram) + ‎尸 (*-l, coda-marking phonogram) → ‎二尸 (*TWUPUl(h), “two”)

Usage notes

Note that Old Korean distinguished liquid 尸 (*-l) and rhotic 乙 (*-r), though the two merged in Middle Korean.

See also

• 肹 (*-(hu)r)
• 乙 (*-r)

Etymology 2

Suffix

尸 (*-lq)

1. The irrealis/prospective verbal gerund-marking suffix:
   1. what will, one who will, what to, what is, one who is, etc.; used to nominalize a verb in the future or in a general sense.
      • c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra, page 11.117:

        [於]思惟^乎尸所 ^良中疑^是隨逐^乎尸有^叱㢱

        *SO.YU-hoyo-l PA-akuy UY-i SYU.TYUK-hoyo-lq Is-umye

        As there is the following of doubt in that which one reflects

        (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)

      • c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra, pages 3.10—11:

        作樂^乎尸刀亦^乎隱然^叱乎示下

        CAK.AK-ho-lq-two STWO-ho-n [?]-s-ho-si-ha

        The [honored] ones who make music [the honored music-makers] also did as such

        (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms.)

   2. which will, [something] to, which is, etc.; used as an adnominal, but chiefly for dependent nouns and certain common constructions.
      • 765, 忠談師 (Chungdamsa), “安民歌 (Anmin-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:

        君隱父也臣隱愛賜尸母史也

        *NIMKUM-un AP-ye SIN-un TOSU-si-lq Esi-ye

        The sovereign is a father; the ministers are loving mothers

      • c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra, page 11.117:

        [於]思惟^乎尸所 ^良中疑^是隨逐^乎尸有^叱㢱

        *SO.YU-hoyo-lq PA-akuy UY-i SYU.TYUK-hoyo-l Is-umye

        As there is the following of doubt in that which one reflects

        (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)

   3. Used to introduce a statement being quoted.

Descendants

• Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮 (-(ú)lq, verbal irrealis particle, generally adnominal)
  • Korean: 을 (-(eu)l, irrealis adnominal suffix)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 리〮 (-lí)
  • Korean: 리 (-ri)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 리〮 (-lí)
  • ⇒ Korean: 리라 (-rira)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 려〮 (-lyé)
  • Korean: 랴 (-rya)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 료〮 (-lyó)
  • Korean: 료 (-ryo)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮가〮 (-(ú)lqká)
  • Korean: 을까 (-(eu)lkka)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮고〮 (-(ú)lqkwó)
  • Korean: 을꼬 (-(eu)lkko)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮다〮 (-(ú)lqtá)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 을〮뎬〮 (-(ú)ltyéyn)
• ⇒ Middle Korean: 을〮ᄉᆞ록〮 (-(ú)lsòlwók)
  • Korean: 을수록 (-eulsurok)

See also

• 隱 (*-n, realis gerund)

Etymology 3

Particle

尸 (*-lq or *-q or *-s)

1. A genitive case marker chiefly attested after honored animate nouns.

Usage notes

There is a strong argument that 尸 represents an allomorphic variant of the well-known genitive particle 叱 (*-s) rather than an independent genitive case marker. Middle Korean ㅭ (-lq) and Modern Korean ㄹ (-l) both have the effect of tensing a subsequent consonant. Tensing was also one of the major allomorphs of Middle Korean ㅅ (-s), see ㅅ#Alternative forms, and is virtually the sole effect of Modern Korean ㅅ (-s-). Therefore, Old Korean 尸 was most likely used to denote the tensing effect of 叱 (*-s).

This notion is further supported by the fact that Middle Korean ㅅ (-s) is the regular reflex of 尸. For instance, Old Korean 尸中 (*qkuy, honorific dative marker) > Middle Korean ᄭᅴ (skuy, id.) > Modern Korean 께 (kke, id.)

References

• 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549
• 장윤희 (Jang Yun-hui) (2011) “석독구결의 속격 "시(尸)"의 문제 해결을 위하여 [seokdokgugyeorui sokgyeok -siui munje haegyeoreul wihayeo, For a solution to the problem of genitive 尸 in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 117–144
• Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72
• 이병기 (Yi Byeong-gi) (2019) “고대국어 동명사 어미의 문법적 특징과 과제 [godaegugeo dongmyeongsa eomiui munbeopjeok teukjinggwa gwaje, The grammatical features of Old Korean verbal nominalizers and further tasks for research]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, →DOI, pages 89–125

Vietnamese

Han character

尸: Hán Nôm readings: thi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.