ῥαίνω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-. Cognates include Latin ūrīnor, Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ), and Sanskrit वार् (vā́r), वारि (vā́ri).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥ǎi̯.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈrɛ.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈrɛ.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈre.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈre.no/
Verb
[edit]ῥαίνω • (rhaínō)
- to sprinkle
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1441:
- εἰ ναυμαχοῖεν κᾆτ’ ἔχοντες ὀξίδας ῥαίνοιεν ἐς τὰ βλέφαρα τῶν ἐναντίων.
- ei naumakhoîen kâit’ ékhontes oxídas rhaínoien es tà bléphara tôn enantíōn.
- If there were a sea battle, and then they had bottles of vinegar, they could sprinkle them in the enemies' eyes.
- εἰ ναυμαχοῖεν κᾆτ’ ἔχοντες ὀξίδας ῥαίνοιεν ἐς τὰ βλέφαρα τῶν ἐναντίων.
- (figuratively)
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 8.57:
- χαίρων δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς
Ἀλκμᾶνα στεφάνοισι βάλλω, ῥαίνω δὲ καὶ ὕμνῳ- khaírōn dè kaì autòs
Alkmâna stephánoisi bállō, rhaínō dè kaì húmnōi - And I myself rejoice as I fling garlands over Alcmaeon and sprinkle him with song
- khaírōn dè kaì autòs
- χαίρων δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς
- to sprinkle water
Inflection
[edit] Present: ῥαίνω, ῥαίνομαι
Imperfect: ἔρραινον, ἐρραινόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔρραινον | ἔρραινες | ἔρραινε(ν) | ἐρραίνετον | ἐρραινέτην | ἐρραίνομεν | ἐρραίνετε | ἔρραινον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐρραινόμην | ἐρραίνου | ἐρραίνετο | ἐρραίνεσθον | ἐρραινέσθην | ἐρραινόμεθᾰ | ἐρραίνεσθε | ἐρραίνοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῥᾰνέω | ῥᾰνέεις | ῥᾰνέει | ῥᾰνέετον | ῥᾰνέετον | ῥᾰνέομεν | ῥᾰνέετε | ῥᾰνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ῥᾰνέοιμῐ | ῥᾰνέοις | ῥᾰνέοι | ῥᾰνέοιτον | ῥᾰνεοίτην | ῥᾰνέοιμεν | ῥᾰνέοιτε | ῥᾰνέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ῥᾰνέομαι | ῥᾰνέῃ, ῥᾰνέει |
ῥᾰνέεται | ῥᾰνέεσθον | ῥᾰνέεσθον | ῥᾰνεόμεθᾰ | ῥᾰνέεσθε | ῥᾰνέονται | ||||
optative | ῥᾰνεοίμην | ῥᾰνέοιο | ῥᾰνέοιτο | ῥᾰνέοισθον | ῥᾰνεοίσθην | ῥᾰνεοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰνέοισθε | ῥᾰνέοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ῥᾰνέειν | ῥᾰνέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ῥᾰνέων | ῥᾰνεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ῥᾰνέουσᾰ | ῥᾰνεομένη | |||||||||||
n | ῥᾰνέον | ῥᾰνεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῥᾰνῶ | ῥᾰνεῖς | ῥᾰνεῖ | ῥᾰνεῖτον | ῥᾰνεῖτον | ῥᾰνοῦμεν | ῥᾰνεῖτε | ῥᾰνοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ῥᾰνοίην, ῥᾰνοῖμῐ |
ῥᾰνοίης, ῥᾰνοῖς |
ῥᾰνοίη, ῥᾰνοῖ |
ῥᾰνοῖτον, ῥᾰνοίητον |
ῥᾰνοίτην, ῥᾰνοιήτην |
ῥᾰνοῖμεν, ῥᾰνοίημεν |
ῥᾰνοῖτε, ῥᾰνοίητε |
ῥᾰνοῖεν, ῥᾰνοίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | ῥᾰνοῦμαι | ῥᾰνῇ | ῥᾰνεῖται | ῥᾰνεῖσθον | ῥᾰνεῖσθον | ῥᾰνούμεθᾰ | ῥᾰνεῖσθε | ῥᾰνοῦνται | ||||
optative | ῥᾰνοίμην | ῥᾰνοῖο | ῥᾰνοῖτο | ῥᾰνοῖσθον | ῥᾰνοίσθην | ῥᾰνοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰνοῖσθε | ῥᾰνοῖντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ῥᾰνεῖν | ῥᾰνεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ῥᾰνῶν | ῥᾰνούμενος | ||||||||||
f | ῥᾰνοῦσᾰ | ῥᾰνουμένη | |||||||||||
n | ῥᾰνοῦν | ῥᾰνούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῥᾱνέω | ῥᾱνέεις | ῥᾱνέει | ῥᾱνέετον | ῥᾱνέετον | ῥᾱνέομεν | ῥᾱνέετε | ῥᾱνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ῥᾱνέοιμῐ | ῥᾱνέοις | ῥᾱνέοι | ῥᾱνέοιτον | ῥᾱνεοίτην | ῥᾱνέοιμεν | ῥᾱνέοιτε | ῥᾱνέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ῥᾱνέομαι | ῥᾱνέῃ, ῥᾱνέει |
ῥᾱνέεται | ῥᾱνέεσθον | ῥᾱνέεσθον | ῥᾱνεόμεθᾰ | ῥᾱνέεσθε | ῥᾱνέονται | ||||
optative | ῥᾱνεοίμην | ῥᾱνέοιο | ῥᾱνέοιτο | ῥᾱνέοισθον | ῥᾱνεοίσθην | ῥᾱνεοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾱνέοισθε | ῥᾱνέοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ῥᾱνέειν | ῥᾱνέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ῥᾱνέων | ῥᾱνεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ῥᾱνέουσᾰ | ῥᾱνεομένη | |||||||||||
n | ῥᾱνέον | ῥᾱνεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῥᾱνῶ | ῥᾱνεῖς | ῥᾱνεῖ | ῥᾱνεῖτον | ῥᾱνεῖτον | ῥᾱνοῦμεν | ῥᾱνεῖτε | ῥᾱνοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ῥᾱνοίην, ῥᾱνοῖμῐ |
ῥᾱνοίης, ῥᾱνοῖς |
ῥᾱνοίη, ῥᾱνοῖ |
ῥᾱνοῖτον, ῥᾱνοίητον |
ῥᾱνοίτην, ῥᾱνοιήτην |
ῥᾱνοῖμεν, ῥᾱνοίημεν |
ῥᾱνοῖτε, ῥᾱνοίητε |
ῥᾱνοῖεν, ῥᾱνοίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | ῥᾱνοῦμαι | ῥᾱνῇ | ῥᾱνεῖται | ῥᾱνεῖσθον | ῥᾱνεῖσθον | ῥᾱνούμεθᾰ | ῥᾱνεῖσθε | ῥᾱνοῦνται | ||||
optative | ῥᾱνοίμην | ῥᾱνοῖο | ῥᾱνοῖτο | ῥᾱνοῖσθον | ῥᾱνοίσθην | ῥᾱνοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾱνοῖσθε | ῥᾱνοῖντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ῥᾱνεῖν | ῥᾱνεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ῥᾱνῶν | ῥᾱνούμενος | ||||||||||
f | ῥᾱνοῦσᾰ | ῥᾱνουμένη | |||||||||||
n | ῥᾱνοῦν | ῥᾱνούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἔρασσᾰ, ἐρασσᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐρράγκειν, ἐρράγκη |
ἐρράγκεις, ἐρράγκης |
ἐρράγκει(ν) | ἐρράγκετον | ἐρραγκέτην | ἐρράγκεμεν | ἐρράγκετε | ἐρράγκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐρρᾰ́σμην | ἔρρᾰνσο | ἔρρᾰντο | ἔρρᾰνθον | ἐρρᾰ́νθην | ἐρρᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἔρρᾰνθε | ἐρρᾰ́νᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Other forms attested: Epic third-person plural perfect indicative passive ἐρράδαται and similar pluperfect ἐρράδατο.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- αἱμόρραντος (haimórrhantos)
- ἁλίρραντος (halírrhantos)
- ᾰ̓ναρραίνω (ănarrhaínō)
- ᾰ̓πορραίνω (ăporrhaínō)
- ἄρραντος (árrhantos)
- δῐαρραίνω (dĭarrhaínō)
- ἐκραίνω (ekraínō)
- ἐπιρραίνω (epirrhaínō)
- κᾰταρραίνω (kătarrhaínō)
- μῠρόρραντος (mŭrórrhantos)
- νεόρραντος (neórrhantos)
- πᾰραρραίνω (părarrhaínō)
- περιρραίνω (perirrhaínō)
- ποτιρραίνω (potirrhaínō)
- προρραίνω (prorrhaínō)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “ῥαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ῥαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ῥαίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ῥαίνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ῥαίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ῥαίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter