ῥάσσω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]There is no certain etymology.
Since a consonant must have been lost before the initial ῥ- (rh-), a pre-form *ϝρᾱ́χ-ιω (*wrā́kh-iō) (compare ῥαχία (rhakhía, “flood tide; roar of the breakers”)) can perhaps be identified with Proto-Slavic *raziti (“to smite, pound”), and derive from a Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to strike, pound”). The Slavic word, however, has also been connected with *rězati (“to cut, slice”), which is related to ῥήγνῡμι (rhḗgnūmi, “to break”); these forms derive instead from a different, albeit superficially similar, root *wreh₁ǵ-.
The semantically attractive connection with ἀράσσω (arássō, “to smite, dash”) would require a pre-form *warakʰ-, but for ἀράσσω (arássō), there is no indication for ϝ- (w-).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥ǎːs.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈras.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈras.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈras.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈra.so/
Verb
[edit]ῥᾱ́σσω • (rhā́ssō)
Inflection
[edit]number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῥᾱ́ξω | ῥᾱ́ξεις | ῥᾱ́ξει | ῥᾱ́ξετον | ῥᾱ́ξετον | ῥᾱ́ξομεν | ῥᾱ́ξετε | ῥᾱ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ῥᾱ́ξοιμῐ | ῥᾱ́ξοις | ῥᾱ́ξοι | ῥᾱ́ξοιτον | ῥᾱξοίτην | ῥᾱ́ξοιμεν | ῥᾱ́ξοιτε | ῥᾱ́ξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ῥᾱ́ξομαι | ῥᾱ́ξῃ, ῥᾱ́ξει |
ῥᾱ́ξεται | ῥᾱ́ξεσθον | ῥᾱ́ξεσθον | ῥᾱξόμεθᾰ | ῥᾱ́ξεσθε | ῥᾱ́ξονται | ||||
optative | ῥᾱξοίμην | ῥᾱ́ξοιο | ῥᾱ́ξοιτο | ῥᾱ́ξοισθον | ῥᾱξοίσθην | ῥᾱξοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾱ́ξοισθε | ῥᾱ́ξοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ῥᾱχθήσομαι | ῥᾱχθήσῃ | ῥᾱχθήσεται | ῥᾱχθήσεσθον | ῥᾱχθήσεσθον | ῥᾱχθησόμεθᾰ | ῥᾱχθήσεσθε | ῥᾱχθήσονται | ||||
optative | ῥᾱχθησοίμην | ῥᾱχθήσοιο | ῥᾱχθήσοιτο | ῥᾱχθήσοισθον | ῥᾱχθησοίσθην | ῥᾱχθησοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾱχθήσοισθε | ῥᾱχθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ῥᾱ́ξειν | ῥᾱ́ξεσθαι | ῥᾱχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ῥᾱ́ξων | ῥᾱξόμενος | ῥᾱχθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ῥᾱ́ξουσᾰ | ῥᾱξομένη | ῥᾱχθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ῥᾶξον | ῥᾱξόμενον | ῥᾱχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἐπῐρᾱ́σσω (epirā́ssō)
- κᾰτᾰρρᾱ́σσω (katarrhā́ssō)
- προσρᾱ́σσω (prosrā́ssō)
- ῥᾰκτηρῐος (rhaktērios)
- ῥᾰκτός (rhaktós)
- ῥᾰ́κτρῐᾰ (rháktria)
- σῠρρᾱ́σσω (surrhā́ssō)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥᾱ́σσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1276
Further reading
[edit]- “ῥάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ῥάσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette