ἀνήρ

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See also: ἁνήρ

Ancient Greek

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Ἀνὴρ Σωκράτης καλούμενος (Anḕr Sōkrátēs kaloúmenos) by Domenico Anderson (1854-1938).

Etymology

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From Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognates include Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर (nára), and Old Irish nert.

Pronunciation

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In Epic poetry, the ἀ usually scans as long in the arsis of a foot.

Noun

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ᾰ̓νήρ (anḗrm (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension

  1. man (adult male)
  2. husband
  3. human being, as opposed to a god
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.28:
      τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε
      tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te
      Then the father of men and gods [= Zeus] answered her
    • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10:
      ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
      οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
      τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.
      akíndunoi d’ aretaì
      oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais
      tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathêi.
      But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.

Usage notes

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The word ἀνήρ may form a crasis with the definite article, resulting in (ho) and ἀνήρ merging. The Attic crasis is ᾱ̔νήρ (hānḗr) and the Ionic crasis is ὡνήρ (hōnḗr).

With ᾰ or in metric need ᾱ in poetry: e.g.
In Epic poetry, the vocative singular ἆνερ (âner) is used, for instance in Il. 24.725.

Declension

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Antonyms

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  • γυνή (gunḗ, woman, female, wife)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Greek: άνδρας (ándras)
  • Mariupol Greek: а́ндра (ándra)

See also

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Further reading

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