ἀνδρεία

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ᾰ̓νδρηῐ́η (andrēíē) — Ionic

Etymology

From ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos, “manly”) +‎ -η (-ē, abstract noun–forming suffix). Compare ἠνορέη (ēnoréē).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /an.drěː.aː/ → /anˈdri.a/ → /anˈdri.a/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /an.drěː.aː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /anˈdri.a/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /anˈdri.a/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /anˈdri.a/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /anˈdri.a/

Noun

ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ • (andreíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓νδρείᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine)

1. (uncountable) courage, bravery, fortitude (of men or women)
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1.6.18:

     οἷον εἰ τὸ δειλοὺς εἶναι μάλιστα συμφέρει τοῖς ἐχθροῖς, δῆλον ὅτι ἀνδρεία μάλιστα ὠφέλιμον τοῖς πολίταις.

     hoîon ei tò deiloùs eînai málista sumphérei toîs ekhthroîs, dêlon hóti andreía málista ōphélimon toîs polítais.

     for example, if (our) being cowardly benefits the enemy the most, then it is clear that courage is the most beneficial to our citizens.

   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1.9.5:

     μέρη δὲ ἀρετῆς δικαιοσύνη, ἀνδρεία, σωφροσύνη, μεγαλοπρέπεια, μεγαλοψυχία, ἐλευθεριότης, φρόνησις, σοφία.

     mérē dè aretês dikaiosúnē, andreía, sōphrosúnē, megaloprépeia, megalopsukhía, eleutheriótēs, phrónēsis, sophía.

     Types of virtue: justice, courage, prudence, magnificence, magnanimity, liberality, discretion, wisdom.

   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1.9.8:

     ἀνδρεία δὲ δι’ ἣν πρακτικοί εἰσι τῶν καλῶν ἔργων ἐν τοῖς κινδύνοις

     andreía dè di’ hḕn praktikoí eisi tôn kalôn érgōn en toîs kindúnois

     courage is the thing by which they are able to perform good deeds in dangerous circumstances

   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 983:

     τώδ’ ἔν θ’ ἑορταῖς ἔν τε πανδήμῳ πόλει / τιμᾶν ἅπαντας οὕνεκ’ ἀνδρείας χρεών

     tṓd’ én th’ heortaîs én te pandḗmōi pólei / timân hápantas hoúnek’ andreías khreṓn

     it is necessary for all to honor these two in festivals in the entire city because of bravery

2. (countable) A brave deed
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 922a:

     τιμᾶν τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἄνδρας, ὅσοι σωτῆρες τῆς πόλεώς εἰσι συμπάσης εἴτε ἀνδρείαις εἴτε πολεμικαῖς μηχαναῖς

     timân toùs agathoùs ándras, hósoi sōtêres tês póleṓs eisi sumpásēs eíte andreíais eíte polemikaîs mēkhanaîs

     to honor good men, those who are saviors of the entire city, either by brave deeds or plans in war

Declension

First declension of ἡ ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ; τῆς ᾰ̓νδρείᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ hē andreíā	τὼ ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ tṑ andreíā	αἱ ᾰ̓νδρεῖαι hai andreîai
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̓νδρείᾱς tês andreíās	τοῖν ᾰ̓νδρείαιν toîn andreíain	τῶν ᾰ̓νδρειῶν tôn andreiôn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̓νδρείᾳ têi andreíāi	τοῖν ᾰ̓νδρείαιν toîn andreíain	ταῖς ᾰ̓νδρείαις taîs andreíais
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̓νδρείᾱν tḕn andreíān	τὼ ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ tṑ andreíā	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓νδρείᾱς tā̀s andreíās
Vocative	ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ andreíā	ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ andreíā	ᾰ̓νδρεῖαι andreîai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• ᾰ̓νδρῐ́ᾱ (andríā)

Antonyms

• δειλῐ́ᾱ (deilíā)

Descendants

• Greek: ανδρεία (andreía)

Further reading

• “ἀνδρεία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀνδρεία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἀνδρεία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• ἀνδρεία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • boldness idem, page 88.
  • bravery idem, page 94.
  • courage idem, page 178.
  • fortitude idem, page 340.
  • gallantry idem, page 352.
  • heroism idem, page 398.
  • manfulness idem, page 511.
  • manliness idem, page 512.
  • stoutness idem, page 821.
  • sturdiness idem, page 830.
  • valour idem, page 943.
• “ἀνδρεία”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011