रश्मि

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰশ্মি (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬰ᭄ᬫᬶ (Balinese script)
• রশ্মি (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰫𑰿𑰦𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀰𑁆𑀫𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ရၐ္မိ (Burmese script)
• રશ્મિ (Gujarati script)
• ਰਸ਼੍ਮਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑌶𑍍𑌮𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦯ꧀ꦩꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂬𑂹𑂧𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ರಶ್ಮಿ (Kannada script)
• រឝ្មិ (Khmer script)
• ຣຨ຺ມິ (Lao script)
• രശ്മി (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᠠᡧᠮᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘫𑘿𑘦𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠠᠱᠮᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑧋𑧠𑧆𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐱𑑂𑐩𑐶 (Newa script)
• ରଶ୍ମି (Odia script)
• ꢬꢯ꣄ꢪꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆯𑇀𑆩𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖫𑖿𑖦𑖰 (Siddham script)
• රශ‍්මි (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩿 𑪙𑩴𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚧𑚶𑚢𑚮 (Takri script)
• ரஶ்மி (Tamil script)
• రశ్మి (Telugu script)
• รศฺมิ (Thai script)
• ར་ཤྨི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒬𑓂𑒧𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨮𑩇𑨢𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *raśmíṣ, form Proto-Indo-Iranian *raćmíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”), whence also रश्मन् (raśmán), रशना (raśanā́). Cognate with Middle Persian lsn' (rasan), Persian رسن (rasan). Compare also Old Armenian առասան (aṙasan), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐɕ.mí/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɾɐɕ.mi/

Noun

रश्मि • (raśmí) stem, m (rarely f)

1. rope, string, cord

   Synonyms: रज्जु (rájju), सूत्र (sū́tra)

2. rein, bridle, leash

   Synonym: वागा (vāgā)

3. whip, goad
4. measuring cord
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.25.18:

     परि॒ यो र॒श्मिना॑ दि॒वोऽन्ता॑न्म॒मे पृ॑थि॒व्याः।
     उ॒भे आ प॑प्रौ॒ रोद॑सी महि॒त्वा॥

     pári yó raśmínā divóʼntānmamé pṛthivyā́ḥ.
     ubhé ā́ paprau ródasī mahitvā́.

     He who hath measured with his ray the boundaries of heaven and earth,
     And with his majesty hath filled the two worlds full,

5. ray of light

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of रश्मि

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रश्मिः (raśmíḥ)	रश्मी (raśmī́)	रश्मयः (raśmáyaḥ)
vocative	रश्मे (ráśme)	रश्मी (ráśmī)	रश्मयः (ráśmayaḥ)
accusative	रश्मिम् (raśmím)	रश्मी (raśmī́)	रश्मीन् (raśmī́n)
instrumental	रश्मिना (raśmínā) रश्म्या¹ (raśmyā́¹)	रश्मिभ्याम् (raśmíbhyām)	रश्मिभिः (raśmíbhiḥ)
dative	रश्मये (raśmáye)	रश्मिभ्याम् (raśmíbhyām)	रश्मिभ्यः (raśmíbhyaḥ)
ablative	रश्मेः (raśméḥ)	रश्मिभ्याम् (raśmíbhyām)	रश्मिभ्यः (raśmíbhyaḥ)
genitive	रश्मेः (raśméḥ)	रश्म्योः (raśmyóḥ)	रश्मीनाम् (raśmīnā́m)
locative	रश्मौ (raśmaú) रश्मा¹ (raśmā́¹)	रश्म्योः (raśmyóḥ)	रश्मिषु (raśmíṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine i-stem declension of रश्मि

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रश्मिः (raśmíḥ)	रश्मी (raśmī́)	रश्मयः (raśmáyaḥ)
vocative	रश्मे (ráśme)	रश्मी (ráśmī)	रश्मयः (ráśmayaḥ)
accusative	रश्मिम् (raśmím)	रश्मी (raśmī́)	रश्मीः (raśmī́ḥ)
instrumental	रश्म्या (raśmyā́) रश्मी¹ (raśmī́¹)	रश्मिभ्याम् (raśmíbhyām)	रश्मिभिः (raśmíbhiḥ)
dative	रश्मये (raśmáye) रश्म्यै² (raśmyaí²) रश्मी¹ (raśmī́¹)	रश्मिभ्याम् (raśmíbhyām)	रश्मिभ्यः (raśmíbhyaḥ)
ablative	रश्मेः (raśméḥ) रश्म्याः² (raśmyā́ḥ²) रश्म्यै³ (raśmyaí³)	रश्मिभ्याम् (raśmíbhyām)	रश्मिभ्यः (raśmíbhyaḥ)
genitive	रश्मेः (raśméḥ) रश्म्याः² (raśmyā́ḥ²) रश्म्यै³ (raśmyaí³)	रश्म्योः (raśmyóḥ)	रश्मीनाम् (raśmīnā́m)
locative	रश्मौ (raśmaú) रश्म्याम्² (raśmyā́m²) रश्मा¹ (raśmā́¹)	रश्म्योः (raśmyóḥ)	रश्मिषु (raśmíṣu)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Later Sanskrit
• ³Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Shina: رش (răš)
• Pali: raṁsi, rasmi
  • → Burmese: ရံသီ (ramsi)
  • → Thai: รังสี (rang-sǐi)
• Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
      • Hindustani: rās
        • Hindi: रास
        • Urdu: رَاس (rās)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: ৰছী (rosi)
      • Bengali: রশি (rośi)
      • Bihari:
        • Maithili: रास (rās)
      • Odia: ରାସ (rāsa)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Central Pahari:
        • Garhwali: रास (rās)
      • Eastern Pahari:
        • Nepali: रास (rās)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi: rassī

          Gurmukhi script: ਰੱਸੀ

          Shahmukhi script: رَسَّی

          • Lahnda: رسہ (rassā)
      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: rasi, rasī, raso, rāsī

          Arabic script: رَسِ, رَسِي, رَسو, رَاسِي

          Devanagari script: रसि, रसी, रसो, रासी

  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ރެސް (res)
      • Sinhalese: රැස (ræsa)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
      • Marathi: रस्सी (rassī)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)
      • Gujarati: રાશ (rāś), રશ્રી (raśrī)

Borrowed terms

• → Khmer: រស្មី (rĕəʼsməy)
• → Old Javanese: raśmi
  • > Javanese: ꦫꦱ꧀ꦩꦶ (rasmi) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬭᬰ᭄ᬫᬶ (rasmi)
• → Thai: รัศมี (rát-sà-mǐi)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रश्मि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 869.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “raśmí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Lubotsky, The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European