जात

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জাত (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬵᬢ (Balinese script)
• জাত (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰯𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀸𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• ဇာတ (Burmese script)
• જાત (Gujarati script)
• ਜਾਤ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌾𑌤 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦴꦠ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂰𑂞 (Kaithi script)
• ಜಾತ (Kannada script)
• ជាត (Khmer script)
• ຊາຕ (Lao script)
• ജാത (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘰𑘝 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᢗᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧑𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐵𑐟 (Newa script)
• ଜାତ (Odia script)
• ꢙꢵꢡ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆳𑆠 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖯𑖝 (Siddham script)
• ජාත (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩛𑩫 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚭𑚙 (Takri script)
• ஜாத (Tamil script)
• జాత (Telugu script)
• ชาต (Thai script)
• ཛཱ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒰𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨊𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aHtás (“born, begotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“begotten, produced”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬙𐬀 (zāta), Latin gnātus, nātus, Old English -cund.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.tɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɑː.t̪ɐ/

Adjective

जात • (jātá) stem

1. born, produced, begotten, birthed, engendered
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.12.1:

     यो जात एव प्रथमो मनस्वान्देवो देवान्क्रतुना पर्यभूषत् ।
     यस्य शुष्माद्रोदसी अभ्यसेतां नृम्णस्य मह्ना स जनास इन्द्रः ॥

     yo jāta eva prathamo manasvāndevo devānkratunā paryabhūṣat.
     yasya śuṣmādrodasī abhyasetāṃ nṛmṇasya mahnā sa janāsa indraḥ.

     He, the chief God of lofty spirit, who by power and might became the gods’ protector just as he was born,
     Before whose hiss the earth and heavens trembled due to the greatness of his valour, He, O folks, is Indra.

2. (with dative) destined for
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. happened, manifest, become
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जात (jātá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जातः jātáḥ	जातौ / जाता¹ jātaú / jātā́¹	जाताः / जातासः¹ jātā́ḥ / jātā́saḥ¹
Vocative	जात jā́ta	जातौ / जाता¹ jā́tau / jā́tā¹	जाताः / जातासः¹ jā́tāḥ / jā́tāsaḥ¹
Accusative	जातम् jātám	जातौ / जाता¹ jātaú / jātā́¹	जातान् jātā́n
Instrumental	जातेन jāténa	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातैः / जातेभिः¹ jātaíḥ / jātébhiḥ¹
Dative	जाताय jātā́ya	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातेभ्यः jātébhyaḥ
Ablative	जातात् jātā́t	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातेभ्यः jātébhyaḥ
Genitive	जातस्य jātásya	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातानाम् jātā́nām
Locative	जाते jāté	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातेषु jātéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of जाता (jātā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जाता jātā́	जाते jāté	जाताः jātā́ḥ
Vocative	जाते jā́te	जाते jā́te	जाताः jā́tāḥ
Accusative	जाताम् jātā́m	जाते jāté	जाताः jātā́ḥ
Instrumental	जातया / जाता¹ jātáyā / jātā́¹	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जाताभिः jātā́bhiḥ
Dative	जातायै jātā́yai	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जाताभ्यः jātā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	जातायाः / जातायै² jātā́yāḥ / jātā́yai²	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जाताभ्यः jātā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	जातायाः / जातायै² jātā́yāḥ / jātā́yai²	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातानाम् jātā́nām
Locative	जातायाम् jātā́yām	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातासु jātā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of जात (jātá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जातम् jātám	जाते jāté	जातानि / जाता¹ jātā́ni / jātā́¹
Vocative	जात jā́ta	जाते jā́te	जातानि / जाता¹ jā́tāni / jā́tā¹
Accusative	जातम् jātám	जाते jāté	जातानि / जाता¹ jātā́ni / jātā́¹
Instrumental	जातेन jāténa	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातैः / जातेभिः¹ jātaíḥ / jātébhiḥ¹
Dative	जाताय jātā́ya	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातेभ्यः jātébhyaḥ
Ablative	जातात् jātā́t	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातेभ्यः jātébhyaḥ
Genitive	जातस्य jātásya	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातानाम् jātā́nām
Locative	जाते jāté	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातेषु jātéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

जात • (jātá) stem, m or n

1. child, offspring, son

   Synonyms: पुत्र (putrá), सूनु (sūnú)

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. a living being; a man, a creature
3. birth, origin
4. race, kind, sort, class, species
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जात (jātá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जातः jātáḥ	जातौ / जाता¹ jātaú / jātā́¹	जाताः / जातासः¹ jātā́ḥ / jātā́saḥ¹
Vocative	जात jā́ta	जातौ / जाता¹ jā́tau / jā́tā¹	जाताः / जातासः¹ jā́tāḥ / jā́tāsaḥ¹
Accusative	जातम् jātám	जातौ / जाता¹ jātaú / jātā́¹	जातान् jātā́n
Instrumental	जातेन jāténa	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातैः / जातेभिः¹ jātaíḥ / jātébhiḥ¹
Dative	जाताय jātā́ya	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातेभ्यः jātébhyaḥ
Ablative	जातात् jātā́t	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातेभ्यः jātébhyaḥ
Genitive	जातस्य jātásya	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातानाम् jātā́nām
Locative	जाते jāté	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातेषु jātéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of जात (jātá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जातम् jātám	जाते jāté	जातानि / जाता¹ jātā́ni / jātā́¹
Vocative	जात jā́ta	जाते jā́te	जातानि / जाता¹ jā́tāni / jā́tā¹
Accusative	जातम् jātám	जाते jāté	जातानि / जाता¹ jātā́ni / jātā́¹
Instrumental	जातेन jāténa	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातैः / जातेभिः¹ jātaíḥ / jātébhiḥ¹
Dative	जाताय jātā́ya	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातेभ्यः jātébhyaḥ
Ablative	जातात् jātā́t	जाताभ्याम् jātā́bhyām	जातेभ्यः jātébhyaḥ
Genitive	जातस्य jātásya	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातानाम् jātā́nām
Locative	जाते jāté	जातयोः jātáyoḥ	जातेषु jātéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• जातक (jātaka)
  • Hindi: जाया (jāyā)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀢 (jāta)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀬 (jāya)
  • ⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀚𑀸𑀢-𑀮𑁆𑀮-𑀓 (*jāta-lla-ka)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀚𑀸𑀬-𑀮𑁆𑀮-𑀅 (*jāya-lla-a)
      • Konkani: जाल्लो (jāllo)
      • Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘰𑘩𑘹𑘽 (jāleṃ)
        • ⇒ Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘰𑘮𑘩𑘹𑘽 (jāhaleṃ)
          • Marathi: झाले (j̈hale)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਜਾਇਆ (jāiā)
• Pali: jāta