चन्द्र
Hindi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]चन्द्र • (candra) m
- Alternative spelling of चंद्र (candra)
Declension
[edit]Declension of चन्द्र (masc cons-stem)
Konkani
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra).
Noun
[edit]चन्द्र • (candr) (Latin script chandr, Kannada script ಚನ್ದ್ರ)
- the Moon
Declension
[edit]| Declension of चन्द्र | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| ergative | चन्द्रान (candrān) | चन्द्रान्नि (candrānni) |
| nominative | चन्द्र (candr) | चन्द्रा (candrā) |
| vocative | चन्द्रा (candrā) | चन्द्रान्नो (candrānno) |
| accusative/dative | चन्द्राक (candrāk) | चन्द्रांक (candrānk) |
| superessive | चन्द्रार/चन्द्राचेर (candrār/candrācer) | चन्द्रान्चेर (candrāncer) |
| instrumental | चन्द्रानि (candrāni) | चन्द्रान्नि (candrānni) |
| ablative | चन्द्रात्ल्यान (candrātlyān) | चन्द्रान्त्ल्यान (candrāntlyān) |
| Genitive declension of चन्द्र | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object | feminine object | |||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| singular subject | चन्द्राचो (candrātso) | चन्द्राचे (candrāce) | चन्द्राचि (candrāci) | चन्द्राचि (candrāci) |
| plural subject | चन्द्रान्चो (candrāntso) | चन्द्रान्चे (candrānce) | चन्द्रान्चि (candrānci) | चन्द्रान्चि (candrānci) |
Marathi
[edit]Noun
[edit]चन्द्र • (candra) m
- Alternative spelling of चंद्र (candra)
Nepali
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]चन्द्र • (candra)
References
[edit]- “चन्द्र”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary][2], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “चन्द्र”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- চন্দ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- চন্দ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰡𑰿𑰟𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀦𑁆𑀤𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- စန္ဒြ (Burmese script)
- ચન્દ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਚਨ੍ਦ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑌨𑍍𑌦𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಚನ್ದ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ចន្ទ្រ (Khmer script)
- ຈນ຺ທ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- ചന്ദ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᠠᠨᡩᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘡𑘿𑘟𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᠨᢑᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑧁𑧠𑦿𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢗꢥ꣄ꢣ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆤𑇀𑆢𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖡𑖿𑖟𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- චන්ද්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩯 𑪙𑩭 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚝𑚶𑚛𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- சந்த்³ர (Tamil script)
- చన్ద్ర (Telugu script)
- จนฺทฺร (Thai script)
- ཙ་ནྡྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒢𑓂𑒠𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨝𑩇𑨛𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)ćandrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand-. Doublet of श्चन्द्र (ścandrá, “shining, radiant”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”), Latin candeō, Old Armenian խանդ (xand). See also the root चन्द् (cand, “to shine, be bright, gladden”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]चन्द्र • (candrá) stem
- glittering, shining (as gold), having the brilliancy or hue of light (said of gods, of water and of soma)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.121.9:
- मा नो॑ हिंसीज्जनि॒ता यः पृ॑थि॒व्या यो वा॒ दिवं॑ स॒त्यध॑र्मा ज॒जान॑।
यश्चा॒पश्चन्द्रा बृ॑ह॒तीर्ज॒जान॒ कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम॥- mā́ no hiṃsījjanitā́ yáḥ pṛthivyā́ yó vā dívaṃ satyádharmā jajā́na.
yáścāpáścándrā́ bṛhatī́rjajā́na kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema.
- mā́ no hiṃsījjanitā́ yáḥ pṛthivyā́ yó vā dívaṃ satyádharmā jajā́na.
- मा नो॑ हिंसीज्जनि॒ता यः पृ॑थि॒व्या यो वा॒ दिवं॑ स॒त्यध॑र्मा ज॒जान॑।
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | चन्द्रः (candraḥ) | चन्द्रौ (candrau) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
चन्द्राः (candrāḥ) चन्द्रासः¹ (candrāsaḥ¹) |
| vocative | चन्द्र (candra) | चन्द्रौ (candrau) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
चन्द्राः (candrāḥ) चन्द्रासः¹ (candrāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | चन्द्रम् (candram) | चन्द्रौ (candrau) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
चन्द्रान् (candrān) |
| instrumental | चन्द्रेण (candreṇa) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रैः (candraiḥ) चन्द्रेभिः¹ (candrebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | चन्द्राय (candrāya) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रेभ्यः (candrebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | चन्द्रात् (candrāt) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रेभ्यः (candrebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | चन्द्रस्य (candrasya) | चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्राणाम् (candrāṇām) |
| locative | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्रेषु (candreṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | चन्द्रा (candrā) | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्राः (candrāḥ) |
| vocative | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्राः (candrāḥ) |
| accusative | चन्द्राम् (candrām) | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्राः (candrāḥ) |
| instrumental | चन्द्रया (candrayā) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्राभिः (candrābhiḥ) |
| dative | चन्द्रायै (candrāyai) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्राभ्यः (candrābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | चन्द्रायाः (candrāyāḥ) चन्द्रायै² (candrāyai²) |
चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्राभ्यः (candrābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | चन्द्रायाः (candrāyāḥ) चन्द्रायै² (candrāyai²) |
चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्राणाम् (candrāṇām) |
| locative | चन्द्रायाम् (candrāyām) | चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्रासु (candrāsu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | चन्द्रम् (candram) | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्राणि (candrāṇi) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
| vocative | चन्द्र (candra) | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्राणि (candrāṇi) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
| accusative | चन्द्रम् (candram) | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्राणि (candrāṇi) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
| instrumental | चन्द्रेण (candreṇa) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रैः (candraiḥ) चन्द्रेभिः¹ (candrebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | चन्द्राय (candrāya) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रेभ्यः (candrebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | चन्द्रात् (candrāt) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रेभ्यः (candrebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | चन्द्रस्य (candrasya) | चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्राणाम् (candrāṇām) |
| locative | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्रेषु (candreṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
[edit]चन्द्र • (candrá) stem, m
- the moon (also personified as a deity)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.24.10:
- अ॒मी य ऋक्षा॒ निहि॑तास उ॒च्चा नक्तं॒ ददृ॑श्रे॒ कुह॑ चि॒द्दिवे॑युः।
अद॑ब्धानि॒ वरु॑णस्य व्र॒तानि॑ वि॒चाक॑शच्चन्द्रमा॒ नक्त॑मेति॥- amī́ yá ṛ́kṣā níhitāsa uccā́ náktaṃ dádṛśre kúha ciddíveyuḥ.
ádabdhāni váruṇasya vratā́ni vicā́kaśaccandramā náktameti. - These constellations pluralised on high, which are visible by night, and go elsewhere by day, are the undisturbed holy acts of Varuṇa and by his command the moon moves resplendent by night.
- amī́ yá ṛ́kṣā níhitāsa uccā́ náktaṃ dádṛśre kúha ciddíveyuḥ.
- अ॒मी य ऋक्षा॒ निहि॑तास उ॒च्चा नक्तं॒ ददृ॑श्रे॒ कुह॑ चि॒द्दिवे॑युः।
- पार्थिवचन्द्र (pārthiva-candra) or नरेन्द्रचन्द्र (narendra-candra) — a most excellent king
- the number "one"
- a lovely or agreeable phenomenon of any kind
- a spot similar to the moon
- the eye in a peacock's tail
- the mark of the visarga
- a kind of reddish pearl
- camphor
- water
- the काम्पिल्ल (kāmpilla) plant
- (prosody) a metre of 4×19 syllables
- name of a daitya (= चन्द्रवर्मन् (candra-varman), king of the kāmbojas)
- name of a son of Kṛṣṇa
- name of a son of विश्वगन्धि (viśva-gandhi) and father of युवनाश्व (yuvanāśva)
- name of a grammarian (= चन्द्रगोमिन् (candra-gomin))
- name of a king
- name of one of the ancestors of the गौड (gauḍa) Brahmins
- name of several other men
- name one of the 18 minor dvīpas
- = चन्द्रपर्वत (candra-parvata)
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | चन्द्रः (candraḥ) | चन्द्रौ (candrau) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
चन्द्राः (candrāḥ) चन्द्रासः¹ (candrāsaḥ¹) |
| vocative | चन्द्र (candra) | चन्द्रौ (candrau) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
चन्द्राः (candrāḥ) चन्द्रासः¹ (candrāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | चन्द्रम् (candram) | चन्द्रौ (candrau) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
चन्द्रान् (candrān) |
| instrumental | चन्द्रेण (candreṇa) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रैः (candraiḥ) चन्द्रेभिः¹ (candrebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | चन्द्राय (candrāya) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रेभ्यः (candrebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | चन्द्रात् (candrāt) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रेभ्यः (candrebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | चन्द्रस्य (candrasya) | चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्राणाम् (candrāṇām) |
| locative | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्रेषु (candreṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Antonyms
[edit]- सूर्य (sū́rya, “sun”)
Derived terms
[edit]- चन्द्रिका (candrikā)
- रामचन्द्र (rāmacandra)
- चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: ژۆندُر (ċondur)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀁𑀤 (caṃda)
- Pali: canda
- → Assamese: চন্দ্ৰ (sondro) (learned)
- → Bengali: চন্দ্র (côndrô) (learned)
- → English: Chandra, Chander, Shandra (learned)
- → Burmese: စန္ဒြာ (candra) (learned)
- → Gujarati: ચંદ્ર (candra) (learned)
- → Thai: จันท์ (learned)
- → Hindustani: (learned)
- → Indonesian: candra (learned)
- → Kannada: ಚಂದ್ರ (candra) (learned)
- → Konkani: चन्द्र (candr) (learned)
- → Lao: ຈັນ (chan) (learned)
- → Malay: cendera (learned)
- Indonesian: cendera
- → Malayalam: ചന്ദ്രന് (candraṉ) (learned)
- → Marathi: चन्द्र (candra) (learned)
- → Nepali: चन्द्र (candra), चन्द्रमा (candramā) (learned)
- → Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର (cåndrå) (learned)
- → Punjabi: ਚੰਦ੍ਰ (candr), ਚੰਦਰ (candar) (learned)
- → Old Javanese: candra (learned)
- → Shan: ၸၼ်ႇတႃႇ (tsàn tàa) (learned)
- → Sinhalese: චන්ද්රයා (candrayā) (learned)
- → Lü: ᦶᦈᧃ (ṫsaen) (learned)
- → Tamil: சந்திரன் (cantiraṉ) (learned)
- → Telugu: చంద్రుడు (candruḍu) (learned)
- → Thai: จันทร์ (jan) (learned)
See also
[edit]Noun
[edit]चन्द्र • (candrá) stem, n
- gold
- RV 2.2.4c
- तमुक्षमाणं रजसि सव आ दमे चन्द्रमिव सुरुचं हवार आ दधुः |
- पर्श्न्याः पतरं चितयन्तमक्षभिः पाथो न पायुं जनसी उभे अनु ||
- tamukṣamāṇaṃ rajasi sva ā dame candramiva surucaṃ hvāra ā dadhuḥ |
- pṛśnyāḥ pataraṃ citayantamakṣabhiḥ pātho na pāyuṃ janasī ubhe anu ||
- Him have they set in his own dwelling, in the vault, like the gold waxing, fulgent, in the realm of air.
- Bird of the firmament, observant with his eyes, guard of the place as'twere, looking to Gods and men.
- RV 2.2.4c
- a kind of sour rice-gruel
- name of a sāman
- cardamoms
- Cocculus cordifolius (गुडूची (guḍūcī))
- = चन्द्रास्पदा (candrā-spadā)
- name of a river
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | चन्द्रम् (candram) | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्राणि (candrāṇi) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
| vocative | चन्द्र (candra) | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्राणि (candrāṇi) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
| accusative | चन्द्रम् (candram) | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्राणि (candrāṇi) चन्द्रा¹ (candrā¹) |
| instrumental | चन्द्रेण (candreṇa) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रैः (candraiḥ) चन्द्रेभिः¹ (candrebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | चन्द्राय (candrāya) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रेभ्यः (candrebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | चन्द्रात् (candrāt) | चन्द्राभ्याम् (candrābhyām) | चन्द्रेभ्यः (candrebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | चन्द्रस्य (candrasya) | चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्राणाम् (candrāṇām) |
| locative | चन्द्रे (candre) | चन्द्रयोः (candrayoḥ) | चन्द्रेषु (candreṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “candrá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 528-529
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “चन्द्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 386/3.
Categories:
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Konkani terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Konkani learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Konkani terms derived from Sanskrit
- Konkani lemmas
- Konkani nouns
- Konkani nouns with declension
- kok:Celestial bodies
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi nouns
- Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Marathi masculine nouns
- mr:Celestial bodies
- Nepali terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Nepali learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali nouns
- ne:Astronomy
- ne:Celestial bodies
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit doublets
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- sa:Prosody
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- sa:Celestial bodies
- sa:Foods
- sa:Metals
- sa:One
- sa:Rivers
- sa:Spices
- sa:Water