गुप्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গুপ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬸᬧ᭄ (Balinese script)
• গুপ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰲𑰢𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀼𑀧𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ဂုပ် (Burmese script)
• ગુપ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਗੁਪ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍁𑌪𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦸꦥ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂳𑂣𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಗುಪ್ (Kannada script)
• គុប៑ (Khmer script)
• ຄຸປ຺ (Lao script)
• ഗുപ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡠᢒ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘳𑘢𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠤᢒ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧔𑧂𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐸𑐥𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଗୁପ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢔꢸꢦ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆶𑆥𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖲𑖢𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ගුප් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩒𑩰 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚰𑚞𑚶 (Takri script)
• கு³ப் (Tamil script)
• గుప్ (Telugu script)
• คุปฺ (Thai script)
• གུ་པ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒳𑒣𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨃𑨞𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš

Sanskrit गो (go)

Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-

Sanskrit पा (pā)

Sanskrit -प (-pa)

Sanskrit गोप (gopa)

Sanskrit गुप् (gup)

Back-formation from गोप (gopa, “protector of cows; protector, guardian”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡup/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡup/

Adjective

गुप् • (gup) stem

1. (at the end of a compound) defending, protecting

   धर्म (dharma, “law, morality”) + गुप् (gup) → धर्मगुप् (dharmagup, “protecting or observing the law”)

2. being on one's guard or preserving one's self from

Declension

Masculine root-stem declension of गुप् (gup)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गुप् gup	गुपौ / गुपा¹ gupau / gupā¹	गुपः gupaḥ
Vocative	गुप् gup	गुपौ / गुपा¹ gupau / gupā¹	गुपः gupaḥ
Accusative	गुपम् gupam	गुपौ / गुपा¹ gupau / gupā¹	गुपः gupaḥ
Instrumental	गुपा gupā	गुब्भ्याम् gubbhyām	गुब्भिः gubbhiḥ
Dative	गुपे gupe	गुब्भ्याम् gubbhyām	गुब्भ्यः gubbhyaḥ
Ablative	गुपः gupaḥ	गुब्भ्याम् gubbhyām	गुब्भ्यः gubbhyaḥ
Genitive	गुपः gupaḥ	गुपोः gupoḥ	गुपाम् gupām
Locative	गुपि gupi	गुपोः gupoḥ	गुप्सु gupsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine root-stem declension of गुप् (gup)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गुप् gup	गुपौ / गुपा¹ gupau / gupā¹	गुपः gupaḥ
Vocative	गुप् gup	गुपौ / गुपा¹ gupau / gupā¹	गुपः gupaḥ
Accusative	गुपम् gupam	गुपौ / गुपा¹ gupau / gupā¹	गुपः gupaḥ
Instrumental	गुपा gupā	गुब्भ्याम् gubbhyām	गुब्भिः gubbhiḥ
Dative	गुपे gupe	गुब्भ्याम् gubbhyām	गुब्भ्यः gubbhyaḥ
Ablative	गुपः gupaḥ	गुब्भ्याम् gubbhyām	गुब्भ्यः gubbhyaḥ
Genitive	गुपः gupaḥ	गुपोः gupoḥ	गुपाम् gupām
Locative	गुपि gupi	गुपोः gupoḥ	गुप्सु gupsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter root-stem declension of गुप् (gup)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गुप् gup	गुपी gupī	गुम्पि gumpi
Vocative	गुप् gup	गुपी gupī	गुम्पि gumpi
Accusative	गुप् gup	गुपी gupī	गुम्पि gumpi
Instrumental	गुपा gupā	गुब्भ्याम् gubbhyām	गुब्भिः gubbhiḥ
Dative	गुपे gupe	गुब्भ्याम् gubbhyām	गुब्भ्यः gubbhyaḥ
Ablative	गुपः gupaḥ	गुब्भ्याम् gubbhyām	गुब्भ्यः gubbhyaḥ
Genitive	गुपः gupaḥ	गुपोः gupoḥ	गुपाम् gupām
Locative	गुपि gupi	गुपोः gupoḥ	गुप्सु gupsu

Root

गुप् • (gup)

1. to guard, defend, protect, preserve
2. to hide, conceal
3. (in the desiderative) to disgust

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root गुप् (0 c, 8 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root गुप् (3 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• गोप्स्यति (gopsyáti, Future)
• गोपिष्यति (gopiṣyáti, Future)
• गोप्ता (goptā́, Periphrastic Future)
• गोपिता (gopitā́, Periphrastic Future)
• अगौप्सीत् (ágaupsīt, Aorist)
• अगोपीत् (ágopīt, Aorist)
• जुगोप (jugópa, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• गुप्यते (gupyáte, Passive)
• गोपयति (gopáyati, Causative)
• गोप्यते (gopyáte, Passive of Causative)
• जुगुप्सते (jugupsate, Desiderative)
• जुगुप्सति (jugupsati, Desiderative)
• जुगुप्सिषते (jugupsiṣate, Desiderative of Desiderative)
• जोगुप्यते (jogupyate, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• गुपित (gupitá, Past Participle)
• गुप्त (guptá, Past Participle)
• गोप्तुम् (goptum, Infinitive)
• गोपितुम् (gopitum, Infinitive)
• गोपनीय (gopanī́ya, Gerundive)
• गोप्तव्य (goptavyá, Gerundive)
• गोप्य (gopya, Gerundive)
• जुगुप्सु (jugupsu, Desiderative Participle)
• जुगुपिषु (jugupiṣu, Desiderative Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• गुप् (gup)
• गुप्य (gupya)
• गुप्ति (gúpti)
• गोपन (gopana)
• गोप्तृ (goptṛ)
• गोपिष्ठ (gopiṣṭha)
• जुगुप्सा (jugupsā)
• जुगुप्सन (jugupsana)
• जुगुप्सित (jugupsita)
• जुगुप्सनीय (jugupsanīya)
• जुगुप्सिततम (jugupsitatama)
• जुगुप्सितत्व (jugupsitatva)
• जुगुप्स्य (jugupsya)
• गुप्ति (gupti)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “गुप्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0358.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “गुप्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 037
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “गुप्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0393-0398”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 0393-0398
• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 382