गुप्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গুপ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬸᬧ᭄ (Balinese script)
• গুপ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰲𑰢𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
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• ဂုပ် (Burmese script)
• ગુપ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਗੁਪ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
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• ꦒꦸꦥ꧀ (Javanese script)
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• ଗୁପ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢔꢸꢦ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
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• ගුප් (Sinhalese script)
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• 𑚌𑚰𑚞𑚶 (Takri script)
• கு³ப் (Tamil script)
• గుప్ (Telugu script)
• คุปฺ (Thai script)
• གུ་པ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒳𑒣𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨃𑨞𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit गोपायति (gopāyati)

Sanskrit गुप् (gup)

Back-formation from गोपायति (gopāyáti, “to guard”), from गोपा (gopā́, “protector of cows; protector, guardian”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡup/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡup/

Root

गुप् • (gup)

1. to guard, defend, protect, preserve
2. to hide, conceal
3. (in the desiderative) to shun, detest

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root गुप् (0 c, 8 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root गुप् (3 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• गोप्स्यति (gopsyáti, Future)
• गोपिष्यति (gopiṣyáti, Future)
• गोप्ता (goptā́, Periphrastic Future)
• गोपिता (gopitā́, Periphrastic Future)
• अगौप्सीत् (ágaupsīt, Aorist)
• अगोपीत् (ágopīt, Aorist)
• जुगोप (jugópa, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• गुप्यते (gupyáte, Passive)
• गोपयति (gopáyati, Causative)
• अजूगुपत् (ájūgupat, Causative Aorist)
• गोप्यते (gopyáte, Passive of Causative)
• जुगुप्सते (jugupsate, Desiderative)
• जुगुप्सति (jugupsati, Desiderative)
• जुगुप्सिषते (jugupsiṣate, Desiderative of Desiderative)
• जोगुप्यते (jogupyate, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• गुपित (gupitá, Past Participle)
• गुप्त (guptá, Past Participle)
• गोप्तुम् (goptum, Infinitive)
• गोपितुम् (gopitum, Infinitive)
• गोपनीय (gopanī́ya, Gerundive)
• गोप्तव्य (goptavyà, Gerundive)
• गोप्य (gopya, Gerundive)
• जुगुप्सु (jugupsu, Desiderative Participle)
• जुगुपिषु (jugupiṣu, Desiderative Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• गुप् (gup)
• गुप्य (gupya)
• गुप्ति (gúpti)
• गोपन (gópana)
• गोप्तृ (goptṛ́)
• गोपिष्ठ (gópiṣṭha)
• जुगुप्सा (jugupsā)
• जुगुप्सन (jugupsana)
• जुगुप्सित (jugupsita)
• जुगुप्सनीय (jugupsanīya)
• जुगुप्सिततम (jugupsitatama)
• जुगुप्सितत्व (jugupsitatva)
• जुगुप्स्य (jugupsya)
• गुप्ति (gupti)

Adjective

गुप् • (gup) stem

1. (at the end of a compound) defending, protecting

   धर्म (dharma, “law, morality”) + गुप् (gup) → धर्मगुप् (dharmagup, “protecting or observing the law”)

2. being on one's guard or preserving one's self from

Declension

Masculine root-stem declension of गुप्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गुप् (gup)	गुपौ (gupau) गुपा¹ (gupā¹)	गुपः (gupaḥ)
vocative	गुप् (gup)	गुपौ (gupau) गुपा¹ (gupā¹)	गुपः (gupaḥ)
accusative	गुपम् (gupam)	गुपौ (gupau) गुपा¹ (gupā¹)	गुपः (gupaḥ)
instrumental	गुपा (gupā)	गुब्भ्याम् (gubbhyām)	गुब्भिः (gubbhiḥ)
dative	गुपे (gupe)	गुब्भ्याम् (gubbhyām)	गुब्भ्यः (gubbhyaḥ)
ablative	गुपः (gupaḥ)	गुब्भ्याम् (gubbhyām)	गुब्भ्यः (gubbhyaḥ)
genitive	गुपः (gupaḥ)	गुपोः (gupoḥ)	गुपाम् (gupām)
locative	गुपि (gupi)	गुपोः (gupoḥ)	गुप्सु (gupsu)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine root-stem declension of गुप्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गुप् (gup)	गुपौ (gupau) गुपा¹ (gupā¹)	गुपः (gupaḥ)
vocative	गुप् (gup)	गुपौ (gupau) गुपा¹ (gupā¹)	गुपः (gupaḥ)
accusative	गुपम् (gupam)	गुपौ (gupau) गुपा¹ (gupā¹)	गुपः (gupaḥ)
instrumental	गुपा (gupā)	गुब्भ्याम् (gubbhyām)	गुब्भिः (gubbhiḥ)
dative	गुपे (gupe)	गुब्भ्याम् (gubbhyām)	गुब्भ्यः (gubbhyaḥ)
ablative	गुपः (gupaḥ)	गुब्भ्याम् (gubbhyām)	गुब्भ्यः (gubbhyaḥ)
genitive	गुपः (gupaḥ)	गुपोः (gupoḥ)	गुपाम् (gupām)
locative	गुपि (gupi)	गुपोः (gupoḥ)	गुप्सु (gupsu)

• ¹Vedic

Neuter root-stem declension of गुप्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गुप् (gup)	गुपी (gupī)	गुम्पि (gumpi)
vocative	गुप् (gup)	गुपी (gupī)	गुम्पि (gumpi)
accusative	गुप् (gup)	गुपी (gupī)	गुम्पि (gumpi)
instrumental	गुपा (gupā)	गुब्भ्याम् (gubbhyām)	गुब्भिः (gubbhiḥ)
dative	गुपे (gupe)	गुब्भ्याम् (gubbhyām)	गुब्भ्यः (gubbhyaḥ)
ablative	गुपः (gupaḥ)	गुब्भ्याम् (gubbhyām)	गुब्भ्यः (gubbhyaḥ)
genitive	गुपः (gupaḥ)	गुपोः (gupoḥ)	गुपाम् (gupām)
locative	गुपि (gupi)	गुपोः (gupoḥ)	गुप्सु (gupsu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “गुप्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 358, column 3.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “गुप्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 37
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “गुप्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “GOP”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 499-500
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “393-398”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 393-398
• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 382