गायति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গায়তি (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬵᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• গায়তি (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰯𑰧𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀸𑀬𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဂါယတိ (Burmese script)
• ગાયતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਗਾਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑌾𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦴꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂰𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಗಾಯತಿ (Kannada script)
• គាយតិ (Khmer script)
• ຄາຍຕິ (Lao script)
• ഗായതി (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘰𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠠᢗᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧑𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐵𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଗାଯତି (Odia script)
• ꢔꢵꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆳𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖯𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ගායති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩛𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚭𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• க³ாயதி (Tamil script)
• గాయతి (Telugu script)
• คายติ (Thai script)
• གཱ་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒰𑒨𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨊𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gáHyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gáHyati, from Proto-Indo-European *géHyeti, from *geH-. Cognate with Old East Slavic гаяти (gajati), Latvian dziêdu.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɑ́ː.jɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑː.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

गायति • (gā́yati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, present, root गै)

1. to sing, recite, chant
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.43.2:

     उ॒द्गा॒तेव॑ शकुने॒ साम॑ गायसि ब्रह्मपु॒त्र इ॑व॒ सव॑नेषु शंससि।
     वृषे॑व वा॒जी शिशु॑मतीर॒पीत्या॑ स॒र्वतो॑ नः शकुने भ॒द्रमा व॑द वि॒श्वतो॑ नः शकुने॒ पुण्य॒मा व॑द॥

     udgātéva śakune sā́ma gāyasi brahmaputrá iva sávaneṣu śaṃsasi.
     vṛ́ṣeva vājī́ śíśumatīrapī́tyā sarváto naḥ śakune bhadrámā́ vada viśváto naḥ śakune púṇyamā́ vada.

     Thou like the chanter-priest chantest the holy song, O Bird; thou singest at libations like a Brahman's son.
     Even as a vigorous horse when he comes near the mare, announce to us good fortune, Bird, on every side, proclaim in all directions happy luck, O Bird.

2. to praise in song
3. to relate in metrical language

Conjugation

Present: गायति (gā́yati), गायते (gā́yate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	गायति gā́yati	गायतः gā́yataḥ	गायन्ति gā́yanti	गायते gā́yate	गायेते gā́yete	गायन्ते gā́yante
Second	गायसि gā́yasi	गायथः gā́yathaḥ	गायथ gā́yatha	गायसे gā́yase	गायेथे gā́yethe	गायध्वे gā́yadhve
First	गायामि gā́yāmi	गायावः gā́yāvaḥ	गायामः / गायामसि¹ gā́yāmaḥ / gā́yāmasi¹	गाये gā́ye	गायावहे gā́yāvahe	गायामहे gā́yāmahe
Imperative
Third	गायतु gā́yatu	गायताम् gā́yatām	गायन्तु gā́yantu	गायताम् gā́yatām	गायेताम् gā́yetām	गायन्ताम् gā́yantām
Second	गाय gā́ya	गायतम् gā́yatam	गायत gā́yata	गायस्व gā́yasva	गायेथाम् gā́yethām	गायध्वम् gā́yadhvam
First	गायानि gā́yāni	गायाव gā́yāva	गायाम gā́yāma	गायै gā́yai	गायावहै gā́yāvahai	गायामहै gā́yāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	गायेत् gā́yet	गायेताम् gā́yetām	गायेयुः gā́yeyuḥ	गायेत gā́yeta	गायेयाताम् gā́yeyātām	गायेरन् gā́yeran
Second	गायेः gā́yeḥ	गायेतम् gā́yetam	गायेत gā́yeta	गायेथाः gā́yethāḥ	गायेयाथाम् gā́yeyāthām	गायेध्वम् gā́yedhvam
First	गायेयम् gā́yeyam	गायेव gā́yeva	गायेम gā́yema	गायेय gā́yeya	गायेवहि gā́yevahi	गायेमहि gā́yemahi
Subjunctive
Third	गायात् / गायाति gā́yāt / gā́yāti	गायातः gā́yātaḥ	गायान् gā́yān	गायाते / गायातै gā́yāte / gā́yātai	गायैते gā́yaite	गायन्त / गायान्तै gā́yanta / gā́yāntai
Second	गायाः / गायासि gā́yāḥ / gā́yāsi	गायाथः gā́yāthaḥ	गायाथ gā́yātha	गायासे / गायासै gā́yāse / gā́yāsai	गायैथे gā́yaithe	गायाध्वै gā́yādhvai
First	गायानि gā́yāni	गायाव gā́yāva	गायाम gā́yāma	गायै gā́yai	गायावहै gā́yāvahai	गायामहै gā́yāmahai
Participles
	गायत् gā́yat			गायमान gā́yamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अगायत् (ágāyat), अगायत (ágāyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अगायत् ágāyat	अगायताम् ágāyatām	अगायन् ágāyan	अगायत ágāyata	अगायेताम् ágāyetām	अगायन्त ágāyanta
Second	अगायः ágāyaḥ	अगायतम् ágāyatam	अगायत ágāyata	अगायथाः ágāyathāḥ	अगायेथाम् ágāyethām	अगायध्वम् ágāyadhvam
First	अगायम् ágāyam	अगायाव ágāyāva	अगायाम ágāyāma	अगाये ágāye	अगायावहि ágāyāvahi	अगायामहि ágāyāmahi

Related terms

• गीत (gītá)
• गायन (gāyána)
• गायत्री (gāyatrī́)
• गाथा (gāthā́)

Descendants

• Khasa Prakrit:
  • Nepali: गाउनु (gāunu)
• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Assamese: গা (ga)
  • Bengali: গাওয়া (gaōẇa)
  • Rohingya: gaá
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀅𑀇 (gāaï), 𑀕𑀸𑀬𑀇 (gāyaï) — Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, 𑀕𑀸𑀅𑀤𑀺 (gāadi) — Śaurasenī, 𑀕𑀸𑀇 (gāi)
  • Konkani:

    Devanagari script: गाव्चे

    Kannada script: ಗಾವ್ಚೆ

    Latin script: gavche

  • Old Marathi: gāṇe

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘰𑘜𑘹

    Devanagari script: गाणे

    • Marathi: गाणे (gāṇe)
  • Konkani:

    Devanagari script: गाव्चे

    Kannada script: ಗಾವ್ಚೆ

    Latin script: gavche

  • Old Marathi: gāṇe

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘰𑘜𑘹

    Devanagari script: गाणे

    • Marathi: गाणे (gāṇe)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Takka Apabhramsa:
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਗਾਣਾ (gāṇā)

      Shahmukhi script: گاݨا (gāṇā)

  • Vracada Apabhramsa:
    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: ڳَائِڻُ

      Devanagari script: ॻाइणु

• Pali: gāyati
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀅𑀤𑀺 (gāadi)
  • Gurjara Apabhramsa:
    • Gujarati: ગાવું (gāvũ)
  • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: गाना (gānā)

      Urdu: گانا (gānā)