Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/geH-
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Root
[edit]*g⁽ʷ⁾eh₂- or *g⁽ʷ⁾eh₃-[1][2][3][4][5]
Reconstruction notes
[edit]Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic show the presence of an *-i- at several different locations in the root.
- Lithuanian giedóti and Sanskrit गीत (gītá) would point to *g⁽ʷ⁾eyH- ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾iH-.
- Sanskrit गायति (gā́yati) points to *g⁽ʷ⁾eHy- ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾Hi-.
- Sanskrit गाथ (gāthá), Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā) (< *g⁽ʷ⁾eHtH-), Sanskrit जगौ (jagau) point to *g⁽ʷ⁾eH-.
The LIV suggests the reanalysis of a *ye- present as part of the root itself with later metathesis of *g⁽ʷ⁾Hi- to *g⁽ʷ⁾iH- and then normalization to *g⁽ʷ⁾eyH- ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾iH-.[2]
Derived terms
[edit]- *g⁽ʷ⁾éH-yeti (ye-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaˀi-
- Baltic forms received a “*-d⁽ʰ⁾-” enlargement.[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHyati
- Sanskrit: गायति (gā́yati, “he sings”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *gáHyati
- Sogdian: [script needed] (žʾy), [script needed] (jʾy, “to speak, talk”)
- Yagnobi: жойак (žoyak), [script needed] (žóyta, “to read, singl to study”)
- Yazghulami: [script needed] (γ̆ay-), [script needed] (γ̆ayd, “to call”)
- Yidgha: [script needed] (žāy-) / [script needed] (išt-), [script needed] (žāy-) / [script needed] (št-, “to say, speak”)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (žʾy), [script needed] (jʾy, “to speak, talk”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gáHyati
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaˀi-
- *g⁽ʷ⁾ḗH-s- ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾éH-s- (*s-aorist)
- *g⁽ʷ⁾eHtH-
- *g⁽ʷ⁾éH-trom
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHtram
- Proto-Iranian: *gáHtram
- Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (bərəzigāθra, “singing high”), 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (fragāθra, “singing out”)
- Proto-Iranian: *gáHtram
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáHtram
- *g⁽ʷ⁾iH-tós
References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gē(i)- : gō(i)- : gī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 355
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g⁽ʷ⁾eH(i̯)-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 183
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*gaH³”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 94
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gajati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “giedoti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 174
- Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary] (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner