क्षीर
Appearance
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ক্ষীৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬓ᭄ᬱᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
- ক্ষীর (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- က္ၑီရ (Burmese script)
- ક્ષીર (Gujarati script)
- ਕ੍ਸ਼ੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦏ꧀ꦰꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಕ್ಷೀರ (Kannada script)
- ក្ឞីរ (Khmer script)
- ກ຺ຩີຣ (Lao script)
- ക്ഷീര (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᢢᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢉᢔᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
- କ୍ଷୀର (Odia script)
- ꢒ꣄ꢰꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ක්ෂීර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚶𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
- க்ஷீர (Tamil script)
- క్షీర (Telugu script)
- กฺษีร (Thai script)
- ཀྵཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám
Sanskrit क्षीर (kṣīra)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám (“milk”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬛- (xšuuid-), Northern Kurdish şîr, Persian شیر (šir), Zazaki şıd, şıt. Originally thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *swēyd- (“milk”), but Lubotsky claims a borrowing from the BMAC substrate.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]क्षीर • (kṣīrá) stem, n
- milk, thickened milk
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.67.32:
- पावमानीर्यो अध्येत्यृषिभिः सम्भृतं रसम् ।
तस्मै सरस्वती दुहे क्षीरं सर्पिर्मधूदकम् ॥- pāvamānīryo adhyetyṛṣibhiḥ sambhṛtaṃ rasam.
tasmai sarasvatī duhe kṣīraṃ sarpirmadhūdakam. - Whoever reads the essence stored by saints, the Pavamani hymns,
Sarasvatī draws forth for him water and butter, milk and meath.
- pāvamānīryo adhyetyṛṣibhiḥ sambhṛtaṃ rasam.
- पावमानीर्यो अध्येत्यृषिभिः सम्भृतं रसम् ।
- the milky juice or sap of plants
Declension
[edit]Neuter a-stem declension of क्षीर (kṣīrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | क्षीरम् kṣīrám |
क्षीरे kṣīré |
क्षीराणि / क्षीरा¹ kṣīrā́ṇi / kṣīrā́¹ |
Vocative | क्षीर kṣī́ra |
क्षीरे kṣī́re |
क्षीराणि / क्षीरा¹ kṣī́rāṇi / kṣī́rā¹ |
Accusative | क्षीरम् kṣīrám |
क्षीरे kṣīré |
क्षीराणि / क्षीरा¹ kṣīrā́ṇi / kṣīrā́¹ |
Instrumental | क्षीरेण kṣīréṇa |
क्षीराभ्याम् kṣīrā́bhyām |
क्षीरैः / क्षीरेभिः¹ kṣīraíḥ / kṣīrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | क्षीराय kṣīrā́ya |
क्षीराभ्याम् kṣīrā́bhyām |
क्षीरेभ्यः kṣīrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | क्षीरात् kṣīrā́t |
क्षीराभ्याम् kṣīrā́bhyām |
क्षीरेभ्यः kṣīrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | क्षीरस्य kṣīrásya |
क्षीरयोः kṣīráyoḥ |
क्षीराणाम् kṣīrā́ṇām |
Locative | क्षीरे kṣīré |
क्षीरयोः kṣīráyoḥ |
क्षीरेषु kṣīréṣu |
Notes |
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Derived terms
[edit]- क्षीरद (kṣīrada)
- क्षीरान्न (kṣīrānna)
- क्षीराब्धि (kṣīrābdhi)
- गोक्षीर (gokṣīra)
Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Southern:
- Northern:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: खीर (khīra)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Eastern:
- Western:
- Pali: khīra
- Central:
- → Proto-Nuristani:
- Waigali: [script needed] (c̣hīr, “sour milk”)
- → Telugu: క్షీరము (kṣīramu) (learned)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “क्षीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 329/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 433
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from the BMAC substrate
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- sa:Milk