पयस्

See also: प्यास

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পয়স্ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬬᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
• পয়স্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰧𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀬𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ပယသ် (Burmese script)
• પયસ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਯਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌯𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦪꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂨𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಯಸ್ (Kannada script)
• បយស៑ (Khmer script)
• ປຍສ຺ (Lao script)
• പയസ് (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᠶᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘧𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧇𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐫𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
• ପଯସ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢫꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆪𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖧𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
• පයස් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩻𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚣𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
• பயஸ் (Tamil script)
• పయస్ (Telugu script)
• ปยสฺ (Thai script)
• པ་ཡ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒨𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨪𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *páyHas (“milk”), from Proto-Indo-European *péyh₂-os ~ *péyh₂-esos (“fat, milk”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (paiiah), 𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥 (paēman), Latvian piens, Lithuanian píenas, English fat. The Sanskrit root is पी (pī, “to swell”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́.jɐs/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐ.jɐs̪/

Noun

पयस् • (páyas) stem, n

1. milk
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.164.27:

     दुहामश्विभ्यां पयो अघ्न्येयं सा वर्धतां महते सौभगाय ॥

     duhāmaśvibhyāṃ payo aghnyeyaṃ sā vardhatāṃ mahate saubhagāya.

     "...May this cow yield her milk for both the Aśvins, and may she prosper to our high advantage."

2. (by extension) any fluid or juice
3. water or rain
4. semen, (metaphorically) vital spirit, power, strength

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of पयस्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पयः (páyaḥ)	पयसी (páyasī)	पयांसि (páyāṃsi)
vocative	पयः (páyaḥ)	पयसी (páyasī)	पयांसि (páyāṃsi)
accusative	पयः (páyaḥ)	पयसी (páyasī)	पयांसि (páyāṃsi)
instrumental	पयसा (páyasā)	पयोभ्याम् (páyobhyām)	पयोभिः (páyobhiḥ)
dative	पयसे (páyase)	पयोभ्याम् (páyobhyām)	पयोभ्यः (páyobhyaḥ)
ablative	पयसः (páyasaḥ)	पयोभ्याम् (páyobhyām)	पयोभ्यः (páyobhyaḥ)
genitive	पयसः (páyasaḥ)	पयसोः (páyasoḥ)	पयसाम् (páyasām)
locative	पयसि (páyasi)	पयसोः (páyasoḥ)	पयःसु (páyaḥsu)

Derived terms

• पयते (páyate, “to swell, fatten”) (nonce form in figura etymologica)
• पयस (payasá)
• पयस्वत् (páyasvat)
• पयस्विन् (payasvín)
• पायस (pāyasa)

Descendants

• Pali: paya
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀬 (paya)
  • Sinhalese: පය (paya), පා (pā)
• → Kannada: ಪಯಸ್ಸು (payassu) (learned)
• → Malayalam: പയസ്സ് (payassŭ) (learned)
• → Telugu: పయస్సు (payassu) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पयस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 585, column 3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 83
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 376
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “páyas”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press