कुमार

See also: कमर, कमरा, कमरे, कमरो, कमरों, कुमरी, कुमारी, and कैमरा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुमार (kumāra).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kʊ.mɑːɾ/, [kʊ.mäːɾ]

Noun

कुमार • (kumār) m (feminine कुमारी)

1. youth, young person
2. bachelor
3. prince (shortened from राजकुमार (rājkumār))

Declension

Declension of कुमार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कुमार kumār	कुमार kumār
oblique	कुमार kumār	कुमारों kumārõ
vocative	कुमार kumār	कुमारो kumāro

Proper noun

कुमार • (kumār) m

1. a male given name, Kumar, from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of कुमार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कुमार kumār	कुमार kumār
oblique	कुमार kumār	कुमारों kumārõ
vocative	कुमार kumār	कुमारो kumāro

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কুমাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬸᬫᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• কুমার (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰲𑰦𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ကုမာရ (Burmese script)
• કુમાર (Gujarati script)
• ਕੁਮਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑍁𑌮𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦸꦩꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂳𑂧𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಕುಮಾರ (Kannada script)
• កុមារ (Khmer script)
• ກຸມາຣ (Lao script)
• കുമാര (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᡠᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘳𑘦𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠤᠮᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧔𑧆𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐸𑐩𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• କୁମାର (Odia script)
• ꢒꢸꢪꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆶𑆩𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖲𑖦𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• කුමාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩒𑩴𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚰𑚢𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• குமார (Tamil script)
• కుమార (Telugu script)
• กุมาร (Thai script)
• ཀུ་མཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒳𑒧𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨃𑨢𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ku-ma- (“tender, young”) (with *ku denoting "small and weak") and cognate with Persian کودک (kudak, “child”), deriving further from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *ku-mo- (“small, weak”) and possibly connected to Ancient Greek σκύμνος (skúmnos, “cub, whelp”), Lithuanian kumẽlė (“mare”), and Latvian kumeļš (“foal”).

Another theory takes the word as a compound of कु- (ku-, “intensifying prefix”) + a form of म्लै (mlai, “to fade, wither, decay, be languid or exhausted”).

Finally, Kuiper considers the word as borrowed from Dravidian.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ku.mɑː.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kuˈmɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

कुमार • (kumārá) stem, m

1. a child, boy, youth
2. a son
3. prince, heir apparent associated in the kingdom with the reigning monarch
4. a groom

Usage notes

Used as another name for कार्त्तिकेय (kārttikeya, “Hindu god of war”).

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कुमार (kumārá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कुमारः kumāráḥ	कुमारौ / कुमारा¹ kumāraú / kumārā́¹	कुमाराः / कुमारासः¹ kumārā́ḥ / kumārā́saḥ¹
Vocative	कुमार kúmāra	कुमारौ / कुमारा¹ kúmārau / kúmārā¹	कुमाराः / कुमारासः¹ kúmārāḥ / kúmārāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कुमारम् kumārám	कुमारौ / कुमारा¹ kumāraú / kumārā́¹	कुमारान् kumārā́n
Instrumental	कुमारेण kumāréṇa	कुमाराभ्याम् kumārā́bhyām	कुमारैः / कुमारेभिः¹ kumāraíḥ / kumārébhiḥ¹
Dative	कुमाराय kumārā́ya	कुमाराभ्याम् kumārā́bhyām	कुमारेभ्यः kumārébhyaḥ
Ablative	कुमारात् kumārā́t	कुमाराभ्याम् kumārā́bhyām	कुमारेभ्यः kumārébhyaḥ
Genitive	कुमारस्य kumārásya	कुमारयोः kumāráyoḥ	कुमाराणाम् kumārā́ṇām
Locative	कुमारे kumāré	कुमारयोः kumāráyoḥ	कुमारेषु kumāréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Assamese: কোঁৱৰ (kü̃or)
• → Khmer: កុមារ (ko’maa)
• → Malayalam: കുമാരൻ (kumāraṉ)
• → Punjabi: ਕੁਮਾਰ (kumār) (learned)
• → Tamil: குமாரன் (kumāraṉ)
• → Telugu: కుమారుడు (kumāruḍu)
• → Thai: กุมาร (gù-maan)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “कुमार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 292/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 368-9
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 232-3
• Charles Rockwell Lanman (1920) A Sanskrit Reader: Text and Vocabulary and Notes