कुमार

See also: कमर, कमरा, कमरे, कमरो, कमरों, कुमरी, कुमारी, and कैमरा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुमार (kumāra).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /kʊ.mɑːɾ/, [kʊ.mäːɾ]

Noun

कुमार • (kumār) m (feminine कुमारी)

youth, young person
bachelor
prince (shortened from राजकुमार (rājkumār))

Declension

Declension of कुमार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कुमार kumār	कुमार kumār
oblique	कुमार kumār	कुमारों kumārõ
vocative	कुमार kumār	कुमारो kumāro

Proper noun

कुमार • (kumār) m

a male given name, Kumar, from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of कुमार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कुमार kumār	कुमार kumār
oblique	कुमार kumār	कुमारों kumārõ
vocative	कुमार kumār	कुमारो kumāro

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কুমাৰ (Assamese script)
ᬓᬸᬫᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
কুমার (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰲𑰦𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
ကုမာရ (Burmese script)
કુમાર (Gujarati script)
ਕੁਮਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑍁𑌮𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦸꦩꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂳𑂧𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಕುಮಾರ (Kannada script)
កុមារ (Khmer script)
ກຸມາຣ (Lao script)
കുമാര (Malayalam script)
ᡬᡠᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘳𑘦𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
ᢉᠤᠮᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧔𑧆𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐸𑐩𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
କୁମାର (Odia script)
ꢒꢸꢪꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆶𑆩𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖲𑖦𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
කුමාර (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩒𑩴𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚰𑚢𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
குமார (Tamil script)
కుమార (Telugu script)
กุมาร (Thai script)
ཀུ་མཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒳𑒧𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨃𑨢𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ku-ma- (“tender, young”) (with *ku denoting "small and weak") and cognate with Persian (kudak, “child”), deriving further from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *ku-mo- (“small, weak”) and possibly connected to Ancient Greek σκύμνος (skúmnos, “cub, whelp”), Lithuanian kumẽlė (“mare”), and Latvian kumeļš (“foal”). Another theory takes the word as a compound of कु- (ku-, “intensifying prefix”) + a form of म्लै (mlai, “to fade, wither, decay, be languid or exhausted”). Finally, Kuiper considers the word to be borrowed from Dravidian.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ku.mɑː.ɾɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kuˈmɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

कुमार • (kumārá) stem, m

a child, boy, youth
a son
prince, heir apparent associated in the kingdom with the reigning monarch
a groom

Usage notes

Used as another name for कार्त्तिकेय (kārttikeya, “Hindu god of war”).

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कुमार
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कुमारः (kumāráḥ)	कुमारौ (kumāraú) कुमारा¹ (kumārā́¹)	कुमाराः (kumārā́ḥ) कुमारासः¹ (kumārā́saḥ¹)
vocative	कुमार (kúmāra)	कुमारौ (kúmārau) कुमारा¹ (kúmārā¹)	कुमाराः (kúmārāḥ) कुमारासः¹ (kúmārāsaḥ¹)
accusative	कुमारम् (kumārám)	कुमारौ (kumāraú) कुमारा¹ (kumārā́¹)	कुमारान् (kumārā́n)
instrumental	कुमारेण (kumāréṇa)	कुमाराभ्याम् (kumārā́bhyām)	कुमारैः (kumāraíḥ) कुमारेभिः¹ (kumārébhiḥ¹)
dative	कुमाराय (kumārā́ya)	कुमाराभ्याम् (kumārā́bhyām)	कुमारेभ्यः (kumārébhyaḥ)
ablative	कुमारात् (kumārā́t)	कुमाराभ्याम् (kumārā́bhyām)	कुमारेभ्यः (kumārébhyaḥ)
genitive	कुमारस्य (kumārásya)	कुमारयोः (kumāráyoḥ)	कुमाराणाम् (kumārā́ṇām)
locative	कुमारे (kumāré)	कुमारयोः (kumāráyoḥ)	कुमारेषु (kumāréṣu)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Assamese: কোঁৱৰ (kü̃or)
→ Khmer: កុមារ (ko’maa)
→ Malayalam: കുമാരൻ (kumāraṉ)
→ Punjabi: ਕੁਮਾਰ (kumār) (learned)
→ Tamil: குமாரன் (kumāraṉ)
→ Telugu: కుమారుడు (kumāruḍu)
→ Thai: กุมาร (gù-maan)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “कुमार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 292/1.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 368-9
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 232-3
Charles Rockwell Lanman (1920) A Sanskrit Reader: Text and Vocabulary and Notes