کودک
Persian
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwtk' /kōdak/), 𐫞𐫇𐫅𐫐 (qwdk /kōdak/, “young, small; baby”) (whence Southern Luri کۏئک (köak, “child”)), from Proto-Iranian *kawta-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *kawta- (“small, diminutive”), tentatively from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kaw- (“small, diminutive (affectionately)”).[1] Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬐𐬀- (kutaka-, “small”), and possibly Sanskrit कुमार (kumāra, “boy, prince”); see the latter for more possible cognates. Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian կոտակ (kotak, “little, short”), կոտիկ (kotik, “baby animal”), Armenian կոտիկ (kotik), կուտիկ (kutik, “puppy”), Chagatai قودوق (kuduk, “donkey foal”), Arabic كوتي (kūtī, “short person”), possibly also Hungarian kutya, Bulgarian ку́че (kúče, “dog”). Doublet of کوتاه and کوچک.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [koː.ðak]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [kʰuː.d̪ækʲ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [kʰɵ.d̪äk]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | kōḏak |
| Dari reading? | kōdak |
| Iranian reading? | kudak |
| Tajik reading? | küdak |
Noun
[edit]| Dari | کودک |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | кӯдак |
کودک • (kudak) (plural کودکان (kudakân))
Inflection
[edit]| Possessive forms of کودک (kudak) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| 1st person singular (“my”) |
کودکم (kudakam) |
کودکانم (kudakấnam) کودکام △ (kudakấm) |
| 2nd person singular (“your”) |
کودکت (kudakat) [Term?] △ (kudaket) |
کودکانت (kudakấnat) کودکات △ (kudakất) |
| 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
کودکش (kudakaš) [Term?] △ (kudakeš) |
کودکانش (kudakấnaš) کودکاش △ (kudakấš) |
| 1st plural (“our”) |
کودکمان (kudakemân) کودکمون △ (kudakemun) |
کودکانمان (kudakấnemân) کودکامون △ (kudakấmun) |
| 2nd plural (“your”) |
کودکتان (kudaketân) کودکتون △ (kudaketun) |
کودکانتان (kudakấnetân) کودکاتون △ (kudakấtun) |
| 3rd plural (“their”) |
کودکشان (kudakešân) کودکشون △ (kudakešun) |
کودکانشان (kudakấnešân) کودکاشون △ (kudakấšun) |
| △ Colloquial. | ||
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 382
- ^ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 258
Further reading
[edit]- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կոտակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 640a
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 871, page 194
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 173
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 51