अश्व

See also: अश्वा

Hindi

अश्व

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /əʃ.ʋᵊ/, [ɐʃ.ʋᵊ]

Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m (Urdu spelling اشو)

1. (formal) horse

   Synonyms: (more common) घोड़ा (ghoṛā), तुरग (turag)

Declension

Declension of अश्व (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अश्व aśva	अश्व aśva
oblique	अश्व aśva	अश्वों aśvõ
vocative	अश्व aśva	अश्वो aśvo

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva, “horse”), through Old Marathi 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪 (aśva, “horse”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əɕ.ʋə/

Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m

1. (formal, literary) a horse

   Synonym: घोडा (ghoḍā)

Declension

Declension of अश्व (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	अश्व aśva
direct plural	अश्व aśva
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	अश्व aśva		अश्व aśva
oblique सामान्यरूप	अश्वा aśvā		अश्वां- aśvān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	अश्वाला aśvālā		अश्वांना aśvānnā
ergative	अश्वाने, अश्वानं aśvāne, aśvāna		अश्वांनी aśvānnī
instrumental	अश्वाशी aśvāśī		अश्वांशी aśvānśī
locative सप्तमी	अश्वात aśvāt		अश्वांत aśvāt
vocative संबोधन	अश्वा aśvā		अश्वांनो aśvānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of अश्व (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	अश्वाचा aśvāċā	अश्वाचे aśvāċe	अश्वाची aśvācī	अश्वाच्या aśvācā	अश्वाचे, अश्वाचं aśvāċe, aśvāċa	अश्वाची aśvācī	अश्वाच्या aśvācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	अश्वांचा aśvānċā	अश्वांचे aśvānċe	अश्वांची aśvāñcī	अश्वांच्या aśvāncā	अश्वांचे, अश्वांचं aśvānċe, aśvānċa	अश्वांची aśvāñcī	अश्वांच्या aśvāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• अश्वमेध (aśvamedh)
• अश्वपती (aśvaptī)
• अश्वशाला (aśvaśālā)
• अश्ववैद्य (aśvavaidya)
• अश्वभार (aśvabhār)
• अश्वपरीक्षा (aśvaprīkṣā)
• अश्वचिकित्सा (aśvacikitsā)
• अश्वगती (aśvagtī)
• अश्वगंधा (aśvagandhā)
• अश्वगुण (aśvaguṇ)

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “अश्व”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “अश्व”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).

Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m

1. horse

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অশ্ব (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬰ᭄ᬯ (Balinese script)
• অশ্ব (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰫𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀰𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• အၐွ (Burmese script)
• અશ્વ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਸ਼੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌶𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦯ꧀ꦮ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂬𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಶ್ವ (Kannada script)
• អឝ្វ (Khmer script)
• ອຨ຺ວ (Lao script)
• അശ്വ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᡧᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠱᢦ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧋𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐱𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
• ଅଶ୍ଵ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢯ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆯𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖫𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
• අශ‍්ව (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩿 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚧𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
• அஶ்வ (Tamil script)
• అశ్వ (Telugu script)
• อศฺว (Thai script)
• ཨ་ཤྭ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒬𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨮𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /⁠asa⁠/), Lithuanian ašva, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Latin equus, Old English eoh.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐɕ.ʋɐ/

Noun

अश्व • (áśva) stem, m

1. horse, stallion
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.57.1:

     क्षेत्र॑स्य॒ पति॑ना व॒यं हि॒तेने॑व जयामसि ।
     गाम्अश्वं॑ पोषयि॒त्न्वा स नो॑ मृळाती॒दृशे॑ ॥

     kṣétrasya pátinā vayáṃ hiténeva jayāmasi.
     gā́máśvaṃ poṣayitnvā́ sá no mṛḷātīdṛ́śe.

     With the master of the field, our friend, we triumph; may he bestow upon us cattle, horses, nourishment, for by such gifts he makes us happy

2. (chess) knight
3. the number "seven" (that being the number of the horses of the sun)
4. Sagittarius

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अश्व

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अश्वः (áśvaḥ)	अश्वौ (áśvau) अश्वा¹ (áśvā¹)	अश्वाः (áśvāḥ) अश्वासः¹ (áśvāsaḥ¹)
vocative	अश्व (áśva)	अश्वौ (áśvau) अश्वा¹ (áśvā¹)	अश्वाः (áśvāḥ) अश्वासः¹ (áśvāsaḥ¹)
accusative	अश्वम् (áśvam)	अश्वौ (áśvau) अश्वा¹ (áśvā¹)	अश्वान् (áśvān)
instrumental	अश्वेन (áśvena)	अश्वाभ्याम् (áśvābhyām)	अश्वैः (áśvaiḥ) अश्वेभिः¹ (áśvebhiḥ¹)
dative	अश्वाय (áśvāya)	अश्वाभ्याम् (áśvābhyām)	अश्वेभ्यः (áśvebhyaḥ)
ablative	अश्वात् (áśvāt)	अश्वाभ्याम् (áśvābhyām)	अश्वेभ्यः (áśvebhyaḥ)
genitive	अश्वस्य (áśvasya)	अश्वयोः (áśvayoḥ)	अश्वानाम् (áśvānām)
locative	अश्वे (áśve)	अश्वयोः (áśvayoḥ)	अश्वेषु (áśveṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अश्वक (aśvaká)
• अश्वति (aśvati)
• अश्वत्थामन् (aśvatthāman)
• अश्वत्थ (aśvattha)
• अश्वमेध (aśvamedhá)
• अश्वश्चन्द्र (áśvaścandra)
• अश्विन् (aśvin)
• स्वश्व (sváśva)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)
  • Kalasha: hãš
• Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)
• Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤 (aśpa)
• Pali: assa
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)
  • Marwari: अस (as)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: අශ්වයා (aśwayā)
• → Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo) (learned)
• → Hindi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
• → Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva) (learned)
• → Marathi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
• → Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
  • → Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva) (learned)
• → Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya) (learned)
• → Indonesian: aswa
• → Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)
• → Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)
• → Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)
• → Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)
• → Eastern Cham: ꨀꨔꨰꩍ
• → Western Cham: اسايه

References

• “अ॑श्व” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 51, column 2.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “अश्व”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 033
• Monier Williams (1899) “अश्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0114, column 3.
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 090
• Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma áśva