अमृत
Appearance
See also: अमृता
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit अमृत (amṛ́ta).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]अमृत • (amŕt) m (Urdu spelling امرت)
- an elixir; a substance that gives immortality to the user
- nectar
Declension
[edit]Declension of अमृत (masc cons-stem)
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- অমৃত (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬫᬺᬢ (Balinese script)
- অমৃত (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰦𑰴𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀫𑀾𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- အမၖတ (Burmese script)
- અમૃત (Gujarati script)
- ਅਮ੍ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌮𑍃𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦩꦽꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂧𑃂𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಮೃತ (Kannada script)
- អម្ឫត (Khmer script)
- ອມ຺ຣິຕ (Lao script)
- അമൃത (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᠮᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘦𑘵𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠠᠮᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧆𑧖𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐩𑐺𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଅମୃତ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢪꢺꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆩𑆸𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖦𑖴𑖝 (Siddham script)
- අමෘත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩴𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚢𑚙 (Takri script)
- அம்ரித (Tamil script)
- అమృత (Telugu script)
- อมฺฤต (Thai script)
- ཨ་མྲྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒧𑒵𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨢𑨼𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Iranian *amŕ̥tas (“immortal”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥mr̥tós (“immortal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬱𐬀 (aməša, “immortal”), Ancient Greek ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos, “immortal”). Equivalent to अ- (a-) + मृत (mṛta).
The nouns derive fairly readily from the adjective.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]अमृत • (amṛ́ta) stem
- immortal, undying; imperishable, deathless, indestructible
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.35.2:
- आ कृ॒ष्णेन॒ रज॑सा॒ वर्त॑मानो निवे॒शय॑न्न् अ॒मृतं॒ मर्त्यं॑ च ।
हि॒र॒ण्यये॑न सवि॒ता रथे॒ना दे॒वो या॑ति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ पश्य॑न् ॥- ā́ kṛṣṇéna rájasā vártamāno niveśáyann amṛ́taṃ mártyaṃ ca.
hiraṇyáyena savitā́ ráthenā́ devó yāti bhúvanāni páśyan. - Advancing throughout the dusky firmament, laying to rest the immortal and the mortal,
Borne in his golden chariot he cometh, Savitar, the God who looks on every creature.
- ā́ kṛṣṇéna rájasā vártamāno niveśáyann amṛ́taṃ mártyaṃ ca.
- आ कृ॒ष्णेन॒ रज॑सा॒ वर्त॑मानो निवे॒शय॑न्न् अ॒मृतं॒ मर्त्यं॑ च ।
- alive, not dead
- beautiful, pleasant
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 12.39.16.2:
- पाञ्चजन्याभिषिक्तश्च राजामृतमुखोऽभवत् ॥
- pāñcajanyābhiṣiktaśca rājāmṛtamukhoʼbhavat.
- Bathed with the sanctified water of the shankha, the king became beautiful-faced.
- पाञ्चजन्याभिषिक्तश्च राजामृतमुखोऽभवत् ॥
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | अमृतः (amṛ́taḥ) | अमृतौ (amṛ́tau) अमृता¹ (amṛ́tā¹) |
अमृताः (amṛ́tāḥ) अमृतासः¹ (amṛ́tāsaḥ¹) |
vocative | अमृत (ámṛta) | अमृतौ (ámṛtau) अमृता¹ (ámṛtā¹) |
अमृताः (ámṛtāḥ) अमृतासः¹ (ámṛtāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | अमृतम् (amṛ́tam) | अमृतौ (amṛ́tau) अमृता¹ (amṛ́tā¹) |
अमृतान् (amṛ́tān) |
instrumental | अमृतेन (amṛ́tena) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतैः (amṛ́taiḥ) अमृतेभिः¹ (amṛ́tebhiḥ¹) |
dative | अमृताय (amṛ́tāya) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतेभ्यः (amṛ́tebhyaḥ) |
ablative | अमृतात् (amṛ́tāt) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतेभ्यः (amṛ́tebhyaḥ) |
genitive | अमृतस्य (amṛ́tasya) | अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतानाम् (amṛ́tānām) |
locative | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतेषु (amṛ́teṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | अमृता (amṛ́tā) | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृताः (amṛ́tāḥ) |
vocative | अमृते (ámṛte) | अमृते (ámṛte) | अमृताः (ámṛtāḥ) |
accusative | अमृताम् (amṛ́tām) | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृताः (amṛ́tāḥ) |
instrumental | अमृतया (amṛ́tayā) अमृता¹ (amṛ́tā¹) |
अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृताभिः (amṛ́tābhiḥ) |
dative | अमृतायै (amṛ́tāyai) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृताभ्यः (amṛ́tābhyaḥ) |
ablative | अमृतायाः (amṛ́tāyāḥ) अमृतायै² (amṛ́tāyai²) |
अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृताभ्यः (amṛ́tābhyaḥ) |
genitive | अमृतायाः (amṛ́tāyāḥ) अमृतायै² (amṛ́tāyai²) |
अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतानाम् (amṛ́tānām) |
locative | अमृतायाम् (amṛ́tāyām) | अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतासु (amṛ́tāsu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | अमृतम् (amṛ́tam) | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृतानि (amṛ́tāni) अमृता¹ (amṛ́tā¹) |
vocative | अमृत (ámṛta) | अमृते (ámṛte) | अमृतानि (ámṛtāni) अमृता¹ (ámṛtā¹) |
accusative | अमृतम् (amṛ́tam) | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृतानि (amṛ́tāni) अमृता¹ (amṛ́tā¹) |
instrumental | अमृतेन (amṛ́tena) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतैः (amṛ́taiḥ) अमृतेभिः¹ (amṛ́tebhiḥ¹) |
dative | अमृताय (amṛ́tāya) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतेभ्यः (amṛ́tebhyaḥ) |
ablative | अमृतात् (amṛ́tāt) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतेभ्यः (amṛ́tebhyaḥ) |
genitive | अमृतस्य (amṛ́tasya) | अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतानाम् (amṛ́tānām) |
locative | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतेषु (amṛ́teṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]Noun
[edit]अमृत • (amṛ́ta) stem, m
- immortal, god
- kudzu, a vine of variety Pueraria montana var. lobata (syn. Phaseolus trilobus)
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | अमृतः (amṛ́taḥ) | अमृतौ (amṛ́tau) अमृता¹ (amṛ́tā¹) |
अमृताः (amṛ́tāḥ) अमृतासः¹ (amṛ́tāsaḥ¹) |
vocative | अमृत (ámṛta) | अमृतौ (ámṛtau) अमृता¹ (ámṛtā¹) |
अमृताः (ámṛtāḥ) अमृतासः¹ (ámṛtāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | अमृतम् (amṛ́tam) | अमृतौ (amṛ́tau) अमृता¹ (amṛ́tā¹) |
अमृतान् (amṛ́tān) |
instrumental | अमृतेन (amṛ́tena) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतैः (amṛ́taiḥ) अमृतेभिः¹ (amṛ́tebhiḥ¹) |
dative | अमृताय (amṛ́tāya) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतेभ्यः (amṛ́tebhyaḥ) |
ablative | अमृतात् (amṛ́tāt) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतेभ्यः (amṛ́tebhyaḥ) |
genitive | अमृतस्य (amṛ́tasya) | अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतानाम् (amṛ́tānām) |
locative | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतेषु (amṛ́teṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
[edit]अमृत • (amṛ́ta) stem, n
- immortality, elixir
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.129.2:
- न मृत्युर् आसीद् अमृतं न तर्हि न रात्र्या अह्न आसीत् प्रकेतः ।
आनीद् अवातं स्वधया तद् एकं तस्माद् धान्यन् न परः किं चनास ॥- na mṛtyur āsīd amṛtaṃ na tarhi na rātryā ahna āsīt praketaḥ.
ānīd avātaṃ svadhayā tad ekaṃ tasmād dhānyan na paraḥ kiṃ canāsa. - Death was not then, nor was there immortality: no sign was there, the day's and night's divider. That One Thing, breathless, breathed by its own nature: apart from it was nothing whatsoever.
- na mṛtyur āsīd amṛtaṃ na tarhi na rātryā ahna āsīt praketaḥ.
- न मृत्युर् आसीद् अमृतं न तर्हि न रात्र्या अह्न आसीत् प्रकेतः ।
- nectar, ambrosia, Soma
- residue or leavings of a yajna
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | अमृतम् (amṛ́tam) | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृतानि (amṛ́tāni) अमृता¹ (amṛ́tā¹) |
vocative | अमृत (ámṛta) | अमृते (ámṛte) | अमृतानि (ámṛtāni) अमृता¹ (ámṛtā¹) |
accusative | अमृतम् (amṛ́tam) | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृतानि (amṛ́tāni) अमृता¹ (amṛ́tā¹) |
instrumental | अमृतेन (amṛ́tena) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतैः (amṛ́taiḥ) अमृतेभिः¹ (amṛ́tebhiḥ¹) |
dative | अमृताय (amṛ́tāya) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतेभ्यः (amṛ́tebhyaḥ) |
ablative | अमृतात् (amṛ́tāt) | अमृताभ्याम् (amṛ́tābhyām) | अमृतेभ्यः (amṛ́tebhyaḥ) |
genitive | अमृतस्य (amṛ́tasya) | अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतानाम् (amṛ́tānām) |
locative | अमृते (amṛ́te) | अमृतयोः (amṛ́tayoḥ) | अमृतेषु (amṛ́teṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]- Prakrit: 𑀅𑀫𑀬 (amaya), 𑀅𑀫𑀺𑀬 (amiya), 𑀅𑀫𑀼𑀬 (amuya)
- Pali: amata
- → Assamese: অমিতা (omita)
- → English: amrita
- → Hindi: अमृत (amŕt)
- → Indonesian: amerta
- → Old Tamil: 𑀅𑀫𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆 (amirtam), 𑀅𑀫𑀼𑀢𑀫𑁆 (amutam)
- Tamil: அமிர்தம் (amirtam)
- → Polish: amrita
- → Thai: อมฤต (à-má-rít)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “अमृत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 82, column 2.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “अमृत”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 205
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “amṛta”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Etymology 2
[edit]From the middle voice of Proto-Indo-European *mért, athematic root aorist of *mer- (“to die”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]अमृत • (ámṛta) third-singular indicative (type A, aorist, root मृ) (Vedic)
Conjugation
[edit]Aorist: -, अमृत (ámṛta) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | - | - | - | अमृत ámṛta |
अम्राताम् ámrātām |
अम्रत ámrata | |
Second | - | - | - | अमृथाः ámṛthāḥ |
अम्राथाम् ámrāthām |
अमृध्वम् ámṛdhvam | |
First | - | - | - | अम्रि ámri |
अमृवहि ámṛvahi |
अमृमहि ámṛmahi | |
Injunctive | |||||||
Third | - | - | - | मृत mṛtá |
म्राताम् mrā́tām |
म्रन्त mránta | |
Second | - | - | - | मृथाः mṛthā́ḥ |
म्राथाम् mrā́thām |
मृध्वम् mṛdhvám | |
First | - | - | - | म्रि mrí |
मृवहि mṛváhi |
मृमहि mṛmáhi | |
Subjunctive | |||||||
Third | - | - | - | मरते / मरातै márate / márātai |
मरैते máraite |
मरन्त máranta | |
Second | - | - | - | मरसे / मरासै márase / márāsai |
मरैथे máraithe |
मरध्वे / मराध्वै máradhve / márādhvai | |
First | - | - | - | मरै márai |
मरावहै márāvahai |
मरामहे / मरामहै márāmahe / márāmahai | |
Notes |
|
The Rigveda also has active subjunctive forms: 3sg. मराति (marāti) (with irregular long आ (ā)) and 3pl. मरन्ति (maranti).
Descendants
[edit]From the subjunctive:
References
[edit]- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*mer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 439-440
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “mar”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 301-302
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “máratē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Tedesco, P. (1944) “The Supposed Rigvedic Present márate” in Language 20, no. 4, pages 212–222
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mer- (die)
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *mar-
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Aryan root *mar-
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root मृ
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms prefixed with अ-
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit verbs
- Sanskrit ātmanepada verbs
- Sanskrit aorist verbs
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root मृ
- Sanskrit verbs in Devanagari script
- Vedic Sanskrit
- Sanskrit verbs with root-aorist
- sa:Legumes