چوگنا

Punjabi

Alternative forms

• چَوݨا (cauṇā)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catur)

Sanskrit गुण (guṇa)

Sanskrit चतुर्गुण (caturguṇa)

Prakrit 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caügguṇa)

Punjabi چَوگُݨا (cauguṇā)

Inherited from Old Punjabi ਚਉਣਾ (cauṇā), from Prakrit 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caügguṇa) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit चतुर्गुण (cáturguṇa).

Adjective

چَوگُݨا • (cauguṇā) (Gurmukhi spelling ਚੌਗੁਣਾ)

1. quadruple, fourfold

Declension

Declension of چوگنا
	masculine			feminine
	singular	plural		singular	plural
direct	چَوگُݨا (cauguṇā)	چَوگُݨے (cauguṇe)		چَوگُݨی (cauguṇī)	چَوگُݨِیاں (cauguṇiyāṉ)
oblique	چَوگُݨے (cauguṇe)	چَوگُݨیاں (cauguṇeyāṉ)		چَوگُݨی (cauguṇī)	چَوگُݨِیاں (cauguṇiyāṉ)

References

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “چَوگُنا”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
• “ਚੌਗੁਣਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “cáturguṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249

Urdu

Urdu numbers ^(edit)

[a], [b] ←  3	۴ 4	5  →
Cardinal: چار (cār)     Ordinal: چَوتھا (cauthā), چَہارُم (cahārum)     Multiplier: چَوگُنا (caugunā), چوہَرا (coharā)     Fractional: چَوتھائی (cauthāī), چَہارُم (cahārum)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catur)

Sanskrit गुण (guṇa)

Sanskrit चतुर्गुण (caturguṇa)

Prakrit 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caügguṇa)

Urdu چَوگُنا (caugunā)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caügguṇa) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit चतुर्गुण (cáturguṇa). First attested in 1639 as Middle Hindi چوگنا (cvgna /⁠caugunā⁠/). By surface analysis, چَوـ (cau-, “four”) +‎ ـگُنا (-gunā, “-fold”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɔː.ɡʊ.nɑː/
• Hyphenation: چَو‧گُ‧نا
• Rhymes: -ɑː

Adjective

چَوگُنا • (caugunā) (Hindi spelling चौगुना)

1. fourfold, quadruple

Declension

Declension of چوگنا
	masculine			feminine
	singular	plural		singular	plural
direct	چَوگُنا (caugunā)	چَوگُنے (caugune)		چَوگُنی (caugunī)	چَوگُنی (caugunī)
indirect	چَوگُنے (caugune)	چَوگُنے (caugune)		چَوگُنی (caugunī)	چَوگُنی (caugunī)

Further reading

• “چوگنا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “چوگنا”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 258