𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡

Prakrit

Alternative forms

• 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caüguṇa)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (cáturguṇa). Cognate with Pali catugguṇa.

Adjective

𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caügguṇa) (Devanagari चउग्गुण)

1. quadruple, fourfold

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁄 (caügguṇo)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)
Accusative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀁 (caügguṇaṃ)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂 (caügguṇe) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)
Instrumental	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀡 (caügguṇeṇa) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (caügguṇeṇaṃ)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (caügguṇehi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (caügguṇehiṃ)
Dative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀅 (caügguṇāa)	—
Ablative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀑 (caügguṇāo) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀉 (caügguṇāu) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (caügguṇāhi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (caügguṇāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (caügguṇassa)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀡 (caügguṇāṇa) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (caügguṇāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (caügguṇammi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂 (caügguṇe)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (caügguṇesu) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (caügguṇesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caügguṇa) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀑 (caügguṇāo) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀉 (caügguṇāu) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)
Accusative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀁 (caügguṇaṃ)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀑 (caügguṇāo) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀉 (caügguṇāu) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)
Instrumental	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀏 (caügguṇāe) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀇 (caügguṇāi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀅 (caügguṇāa)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (caügguṇāhi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (caügguṇāhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀑 (caügguṇāo) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀉 (caügguṇāu)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (caügguṇāhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀏 (caügguṇāe) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀇 (caügguṇāi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀅 (caügguṇāa)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀡 (caügguṇāṇa) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (caügguṇāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀏 (caügguṇāe) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀇 (caügguṇāi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀅 (caügguṇāa)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀲𑀼 (caügguṇāsu) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (caügguṇāsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂 (caügguṇe) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀑 (caügguṇāo) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀉 (caügguṇāu) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀁 (caügguṇaṃ)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (caügguṇāiṃ) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀇 (caügguṇāi)
Accusative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀁 (caügguṇaṃ)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (caügguṇāiṃ) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀇 (caügguṇāi)
Instrumental	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀡 (caügguṇeṇa) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (caügguṇeṇaṃ)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (caügguṇehi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (caügguṇehiṃ)
Dative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀅 (caügguṇāa)	—
Ablative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀑 (caügguṇāo) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀉 (caügguṇāu) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (caügguṇāhi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (caügguṇāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (caügguṇassa)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀡 (caügguṇāṇa) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (caügguṇāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (caügguṇammi) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂 (caügguṇe)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (caügguṇesu) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (caügguṇesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caügguṇa) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸 (caügguṇā)	𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (caügguṇāiṃ) or 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡𑀸𑀇 (caügguṇāi)

Descendants

Descendants of 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡

• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Eastern Hindi:
    • Old Awadhi: cauguna

      Devanagari script: चौगुन

      Kaithi script: 𑂒𑂸𑂏𑂳𑂢

      • Chhattisgarhi: चौगुन (caugun)
  • Western Hindi:
    • Braj: चौगुन (caugun)
• Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  • Angika: caugun

    Devanagari script: चौगुन

    Kaithi script: 𑂒𑂸𑂏𑂳𑂢

  • Magahi:

    Devanagari script: चौगुन (caugun)

    Kaithi script: 𑂒𑂸𑂏𑂳𑂢 (caugun)

• Northern Indo-Aryan:
  • Kumaoni: चौगुण

Terms inherited from 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡-𑀅 (caügguṇa-a)

• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Eastern Hindi:
    • Old Awadhi: चौगुना (caugunā)
      • Awadhi: चौगुना (caugunā)
      • Chhattisgarhi: चौगुना (caugunā)
  • Western Hindi:
    • Bundeli: चौगुनो (cauguno)
    • Kannauji: चौगुना
    • Middle Hindi: چوگنا (cvgna /⁠caugunā⁠/)
      • Hindustani: caugunā

        Hindi: चौगुना

        Urdu: چَوگُنا

• Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  • Magahi:

    Devanagari script: चौगुना (caugunā)

    Kaithi script: 𑂒𑂸𑂏𑂳𑂢𑂰 (caugunā)

• Northern Indo-Aryan:
  • Doteli: चौगुना (caugunā)
  • Nepali: चौगुना (caugunā)
• Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  • Kachchi: cogṇũ

    Gujarati script: ચોગણું

    Khudawadi script: 𑋀𑋧𑊼𑋌𑋣𑋟

  • Old Punjabi: ਚਉਣਾ (cauṇā)
    • Punjabi: cauguṇā, cauṇā

      Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਗੁਣਾ, ਚੌਣਾ

      Shahmukhi script: چَوگُݨا, چَوݨا

  • Saraiki: چوگُنا (cogunā)
• Western Indo-Aryan:
  • Gojri: چُگْنو (cugno), چُونو (cūno)
  • Malvi: चोगणो (cogṇo)
  • Marwari:

    Devanagari script: चौगणौ (caugṇau)

    Mahajani script: 𑅙𑅒𑅗𑅢𑅒 (cugṇu)

  • Mewati: चोगुणो (coguṇo)
  • Middle Gujarati: चउगुणउ
    • Gujarati: ચોગણું (cogṇũ)

References

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “चउग्गुण”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 311.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “cáturguṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249