चतुर्

See also: चतुर, चूतर, चैत्र, and चित्र

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• catur (Latin script)
• 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• চতুর্ (Bengali script)
• චතුර් (Sinhalese script)
• စတုရ် or ၸတုရ် (Burmese script)
• จตุรฺ or จะตุร (Thai script)
• ᨧᨲᩩᩁ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈຕຸຣ຺ or ຈະຕຸຣ (Lao script)
• ចតុរ៑ (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄖𑄪𑄢𑄴 (Chakma script)

Alternative scripts

• catu (Latin script)
• 𑀘𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
• चतु (Devanagari script)
• চতু (Bengali script)
• චතු (Sinhalese script)
• စတု or ၸတု (Burmese script)
• จตุ or จะตุ (Thai script)
• ᨧᨲᩩ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈຕຸ or ຈະຕຸ (Lao script)
• ចតុ (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄖𑄪 (Chakma script)

Numeral

चतुर् (catur)

1. Devanagari script form of catur (“four”)

Declension

Declension table of "चतुर्" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	चत्तारो (cattāro) or चतुरो (caturo)
Accusative (second)	चत्तारो (cattāro) or चतुरो (caturo)
Instrumental (third)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Dative (fourth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चतूसु (catūsu) or चतुसु (catusu)

Declension table of "चतुर्" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	चतस्सो (catasso)
Accusative (second)	चतस्सो (catasso)
Instrumental (third)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Dative (fourth)	चतस्सन्नं (catassannaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चतस्सन्नं (catassannaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चतूसु (catūsu) or चतुसु (catusu)

Declension table of "चतुर्" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	चत्तारि (cattāri)
Accusative (second)	चत्तारि (cattāri)
Instrumental (third)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Dative (fourth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चतूहि (catūhi) or चतुहि (catuhi) or चतुब्भि (catubbhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चतुन्नं (catunnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चतूसु (catūsu) or चतुसु (catusu)

Sanskrit

Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	४ 4	5  →
Cardinal: चतुर् (catur)     Ordinal: चतुर्थ (caturtha), तुरीय (turīya)     Adverbial: चतुस् (catus)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চতুৰ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬢᬸᬃ (Balinese script)
• চতুর্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• စတုရ် (Burmese script)
• ચતુર્ (Gujarati script)
• ਚਤੁਰ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦠꦸꦂ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂞𑂳𑂩𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಚತುರ್ (Kannada script)
• ចតុរ៑ (Khmer script)
• ຈຕຸຣ຺ (Lao script)
• ചതുര് (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଚତୁର୍ (Odia script)
• ꢗꢡꢸꢬ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨𑖿 (Siddham script)
• චතුර් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩫𑩒𑩼 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚙𑚰𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
• சதுர் (Tamil script)
• చతుర్ (Telugu script)
• จตุรฺ (Thai script)
• ཙ་ཏུ་ར྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨙𑨃𑨫𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras

Sanskrit चतुर् (catur)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬭 (caθβar), Old Armenian չորք (čʻorkʻ), Lithuanian keturi, Old Church Slavonic четꙑре (četyre), Latin quattuor, Old English feower (whence English four).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.túɾ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕɐ.t̪uɾ/

Numeral

चतुर् • (catúr)

1. (cardinal numbers) four

Declension

Masculine root-stem declension of चतुर् (catúr)
	Plural
Nominative	चत्वारः catvā́raḥ
Vocative	चत्वारः cátvāraḥ
Accusative	चतुरः catúraḥ
Instrumental	चतूर्भिः catū́rbhiḥ
Dative	चतूर्भ्यः catū́rbhyaḥ
Ablative	चतूर्भ्यः catū́rbhyaḥ
Genitive	चतुर्णाम् caturṇā́m
Locative	चतूर्षु catū́rṣu

Feminine ṛ-stem declension of चतसृ (cátasṛ)
	Plural
Nominative	चतस्रः cátasraḥ
Vocative	चतस्रः cátasraḥ
Accusative	चतस्रः cátasraḥ
Instrumental	चतसृभिः catasṛ́bhiḥ
Dative	चतसृभ्यः catasṛ́bhyaḥ
Ablative	चतसृभ्यः catasṛ́bhyaḥ
Genitive	चतसृणाम् catasṛṇā́m
Locative	चतसृषु catasṛ́ṣu

Neuter root-stem declension of चतुर् (catúr)
	Plural
Nominative	चत्वारि catvā́ri
Vocative	चत्वारि cátvāri
Accusative	चत्वारि catvā́ri
Instrumental	चतूर्भिः catū́rbhiḥ
Dative	चतूर्भ्यः catū́rbhyaḥ
Ablative	चतूर्भ्यः catū́rbhyaḥ
Genitive	चतुर्णाम् caturṇā́m
Locative	चतूर्षु catū́rṣu

Descendants

All inherited descendants point to चत्वारस् (catvāras), the nominative plural form of चतुर् (catur).

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀭𑁄 (catpāro) (Girnar)
• Pali: catur
  • → Thai: จัตวา
• → Burmese: စတုတ္ထ (ca.tuthta.)
• → Malay: catur
  • Indonesian: catur
• Prakrit: 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁄 (cattāro), 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀺 (cattāri) — feminine, 𑀘𑀉𑀭𑁄 (caüro)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Nepali: चार (cār)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
    • Assamese: চাৰি (sari)
    • Bengali: চার (car)
    • Odia: ଚାରି (cāri)
    • Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠁꠞ (sair)
  • Maharastri Prakrit:
    • Marathi: चार (cār)
  • Helu Prakrit:
    • Sinhalese: හතර (hatara)
    • Dhivehi: ހަތަރު (hataru)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Domari: štares
    • Gujarati: ચાર (cār)
    • Hindi: चार (cār)
    • Punjabi: ਚਾਰ (cār)
    • Romani: śtar, shtar (Anglicized), štar (Pan-Vlax)
    • Sindhi: چارِ
    • Urdu: چار (cār)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “चतुर्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 384, column 1.