دریا

Munji

Noun

دریا (daryā)

1. river

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian دریا (daryâ).

Noun

دریا • (derya)

1. (geography) river

   Synonym: ایرماق (ırmaq)

2. (geography) sea

   Synonym: دݣز (deŋiz)

Proper noun

دریا • (Derya)

1. a female given name, Derya, Darya

References

• Redhouse, J. W. (1884) “sea”, in A Lexicon, English and Turkish, 3rd edition, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 667

Persian

دریا

Alternative forms

• دریاب (daryâb) (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dlydʾp̄ /⁠drayāb⁠/, “sea”), a merger of āb (“water”) (whence آب (āb)) with Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎹 (d-r-y /⁠draya⁠/, “ocean, sea”), from Proto-Iranian *jráyah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ráyas, likely from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Northern Kurdish zrê, zerya (“sea”), Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬢𐬵 (zraiiaŋh, “sea”), Sanskrit ज्रयस् (jráyas, “expanse”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [daɾ.ˈjɑː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾ.jɑ́ː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾ.jɑ́ː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾ.jɑ́ː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾ.jɔ́ː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æɹ.jɒ́ː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾ.jɔ́]

Readings
Classical reading?	daryā
Dari reading?	daryā
Iranian reading?	daryâ
Tajik reading?	daryo

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

• (dialectal, Bushehr) IPA^(key): [deɾˈjɒː]

Noun

Dari	دریا
Iranian Persian
Tajik	дарё

دَرْیا • (daryâ) (plural دریاها (daryâ-hâ))

1. sea; ocean

   Synonyms: اُقْیانوس (oqyânus, “ocean”), بَحْر (bahr, “sea”), زِراه (zerâh, “sea, ocean”)

   در کنار دریا ― dar kenâr-e daryâ ― on the seashore

   دریا در چرخه آب نقش دارد.

   daryâ dar čarxe-ye âb naqš dârad.

   The ocean plays a role in the water cycle.

   • c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]‎^[1]:

     ز عشق ار عاشقی میرد، گنه بر عشق ننهد کس
     که بهر غرقه کردن عیب نتوان کرد دریا را

     zi išq ar āšiqē mīrad gunah bar išq na-nihad kas
     ki bahr-i ğarqa kardan ayb na-tawan kard daryā rā

     If the lover dies of love, nobody holds love accountable,
     For one does not blame the sea when a person drowns.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   • mid-1600s, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 1012”, in دیوان [Dīvān]‎^[2]:

     با کمال احتیاج از خلق استغنا خوش است
     با دهان خشک مردن بر لب دریا خوش است

     bā kamāl-i ihtiyāj az xalq istiğnā xwaš ast
     bā dahān-i xušk mordan bar lab-i daryā xwaš ast

     To disdain people’s help at the utmost height of neediness is fitting;
     To die with a dry mouth at the shore of the ocean is fitting.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. (obsolete or fossilized) river

   Synonyms: رود (rud), رودْخانِه (rudxâne), نَهْر (nahr)

   آمو دریا ― âmu daryâ ― the River Oxus

   • c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎^[3]:

     بدو گفت چون رستم پیلتن
     ندیده بود کس بهر انجمن
     دل شیر دارد تن ژنده پیل
     نهنگان برآرد ز دریای نیل

     bad-ō guft čōn rustam-i pīltan
     na-dīda būd kas ba har anjuman
     dil-i šēr dārad tan-i žanda pīl
     nahangān bar-ārad zi daryā-yi nīl

     He told him, "The elephant-bodied Rustam's like
     Has not been seen by anyone in any tribe.
     He has a lion's heart and a huge elephant's body,
     And he drags out the crocodiles from the River Nile."

     (Classical Persian romanization)

Derived terms

• آمو دریا (âmu daryâ)
• دریائی (daryâ'i, “marine”)
• دریابان (daryâ-bân)
• دریازده (daryâ-zade)
• دریانورد (daryâ-navard)
• دریانوردی (daryâ-navardi)
• دریاچه (daryâče, “lake”)
• دریاکنار (daryâ-kenâr)
• دریایی (daryâyi, “marine”)
• دل به دریا زدن (del be daryâ zadan)
• سیر دریا (sir daryâ)

 

Borrowed terms

• → Assamese: দৰিয়া (doria)
• → Azerbaijani: dərya
• → Bengali: দরিয়া (doriẏa)
• → Gujarati: દરિયો (dariyo)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: दर्या (daryā)

  Urdu: دَرْیا (daryā)

• → Kashmiri: دریا (dryā)
• → Kazakh:

  Arabic script: داريا, دايرا

  Cyrillic script: дария (dariä), дайра (daira)

• → Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: derya, derîya, deriya

  Central Kurdish: دەریا (derya)

• → Kyrgyz: дарыя (darıya)
• → Ottoman Turkish: دریا (deryâ)
  • Turkish: derya
• → Pashto: درياب (daryā́b, “sea; lake”)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਿਆ (dariā)

  Shahmukhi script: دریا (daryā)

• → Talysh:

  Central Talysh, Southern Talysh: دریا (daryā)

  Northern Talysh: dərya (daryā)

• → Turkmen: derýa
• → Uyghur: دەريا (derya)
• → Uzbek: daryo

Proper noun

دَرْیا • (daryâ)

1. a female given name, Darya, from Middle Persian

Descendants

• → Turkish: Derya

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “drayā(b)”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

Punjabi

Etymology

From Classical Persian دریا (daryā).

Noun

دریا • (daryā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦਰਿਆ)

1. (geography) river

Synonyms

• ندی (nadī)

Urdu

Etymology

From Classical Persian دریا (daryā, “sea, river”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əɾ.jɑː/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

دَرْیا • (daryā) m (Hindi spelling दर्या)

1. river

   Synonyms: رُود (rūd), نَدی (nadī)

   وہ دریا کنارے کھڑی ہے

   vo daryā kināre khaṛī hai

   she is standing at the bank of the river

2. (literary) sea

   Synonyms: سَمَنْدَر (samandar), ساگَر (sāgar)

Derived terms

• دَرْیائی (daryāī)
• دَرْیاچَہ (daryāca)