سمندر
Pashto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Hindustani سمندر / समंदर (samandar), from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]سمندر • (səməndər) m
Persian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Long considered a compound from سام (sâm, “fire, flame”), and اندر (andar, “inside”) by most Persian dictionaries. [1]
This would be etymologically correct because a synonym of salamander in Persian is آذرشین (âzaršin, literally “fire-sitter”)[2] and this animal has been long featured in Persian mythology and Persian literature.
However, Dehkhoda rejects this derivation, and contends that it is folk etymology; as سمندر (samandar), is most likely from Ancient Greek σαλαμάνδρα (salamándra).[3] But the origin of the Greek term is uncertain and there is a small possibility that it is from Persian.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sa.man.ˈdaɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sæ.mæn̪.d̪ǽɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sä.män̪.d̪ǽɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | samandar |
Dari reading? | samandar |
Iranian reading? | samandar |
Tajik reading? | samandar |
Noun
[edit]Dari | سمندر |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | самандар, саламандр |
سَمَنْدَر • (samandar)
- salamander
- 9th century, Rudaki
- به آتش درون بر مثال سمندر
به آب اندرون بر مثال نهنگان- ba âtaš darôn bar misâl-î samadar, ba âb andarôn bar misâl-î nahangân
- in fire like a salamander, in water like a whale
- 9th century, Rudaki
- a mythological fire-dwelling creature which will die should it leave the fire
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سام”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- ^ Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “آذرشین”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- ^ Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سمندر”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra). Doublet of سَمُدْر (samudr). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi سمندر (smndr).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sə.mʊn.d̪əɾ/
- (Punjabic Urdu, Delhi Urdu) IPA(key): /sə.mən.d̪əɾ/
- Rhymes: -əɾ
- Hyphenation: سَ‧مُن‧دَر
Noun
[edit]سَمُنْدَر • (samundar) f (Hindi spelling समंदर)
Usage notes
[edit]Samundar is standard Urdu, although Fallon (repeated by Shams-ud-Din Farooqi) notes that samundar is prevalent in the Eastern [Indian] provinces (states), such as UP. Samandar (not to be confused with the noun meaning 'salamander') is considered dialectal which is prevalent in Punjabic Urdu and Delhi Urdu, and neighbouring regions.
Declension
[edit]Declension of سمندر | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
direct | سَمُنْدَر (samundar) | سَمُنْدَر (samundar) | ||||||
oblique | سَمُنْدَر (samundar) | سَمُنْدَروں (samundarõ) | ||||||
vocative | سَمُنْدَر (samundar) | سَمُنْدَرو (samundaro) |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “سمندر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “سمندر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سمندر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “سمندر”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “سمندر”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834) “سمندر”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
Ushojo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]سمندر (samandar)
- Pashto terms borrowed from Hindustani languages
- Pashto terms derived from Hindustani languages
- Pashto terms derived from Sanskrit
- Pashto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto nouns
- Pashto masculine nouns
- Persian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations
- fa:Amphibians
- Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Urdu semi-learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu doublets
- Urdu terms inherited from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/əɾ
- Rhymes:Urdu/əɾ/3 syllables
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu nouns with declension
- Urdu masculine consonant-stem nouns
- ur:Seas
- ur:Bodies of water
- ur:Landforms
- ur:Oceans
- Ushojo terms borrowed from Urdu
- Ushojo terms derived from Urdu
- Ushojo lemmas
- Ushojo nouns