دری

See also: ذرى, درى, ذري, and دري

Azerbaijani

Noun

دری

1. Arabic spelling of dəri

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *tẹri (“skin”); cognate with Azerbaijani dəri, Bashkir тире (tire), Kazakh тері (terı), Kyrgyz тери (teri), Turkmen deri, Uyghur تېرە (tëre), Uzbek teri and Yakut тирии (tirii).

Noun

دری • (deri)

1. skin, hide, the outer protective layer of the body

   Synonyms: پوست (post), جلد (cild), قشر (kişr)

2. leather, a tough material produced from the skin of animals

   Synonyms: جلد (cild), سختیان (sahtiyan), گون (gön)

Descendants

• Turkish: deri
• → Armenian: տերի (teri), դա̈րի (däri)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “deri”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1171
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “دری”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 223b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دری”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 571
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cutis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 317
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دری”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2068
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “deri”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دری”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 899

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَرِی (darī)

Adjective

دری • (derî)

1. pertaining to court or town

Proper noun

دری • (Derî)

1. the Persian language

Further reading

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دری”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 899

Persian

Dari	دری
Iranian Persian
Tajik	дарӣ

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [da.ˈɾiː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾíː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾíː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾíː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾí]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æ.ɹíː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾí]

Readings
Classical reading?	darī
Dari reading?	darī
Iranian reading?	dari
Tajik reading?	dari

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dłyk' /⁠darīg⁠/, “of the court”). By surface analysis, در (dar, “door, gate”) +‎ ـی (-i). Compare Russian придворный (pridvornyj) with the same meaning, from the same root Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr.

Originally a more poetic or archaic synonym of فارسی (fârsi, “Persian”), referring to all dialects. It was adopted in the 1900s to refer specifically to the varieties of Persian spoken in Afghanistan.

Adjective

دری • (dari)

1. (obsolete) courtly

   Synonym: درباری (darbâri)

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: دری (derî)

Proper noun

دری • (dari)

1. Dari, Dari Persian (Persian as spoken in Afghanistan)

   Synonyms: فارسی دری (fârsi-ye dari), فارسی افغانستان (fârsi-ye afğânestân)

   Hypernym: فارسی (fârsi)

2. (original sense, now archaic) Synonym of فارسی (fârsi, “the Persian/New Persian language”)
   • c. 1250, Zartusht Bahrām-i Pazhdaw, زراتشت‌نامه [Zarātusht Nāma]:

     ندارد بدین خط کسی دستگاه
     بترسم که گردد بیک ره تباه
     همان به که این را بنظم آوری
     بپاکیزه گفتار و خط دری

     na-dārad bad-ēn xat kasē dastgāh
     bitarsam ki gardad ba yak rāh tabāh
     hamān bih ki ēn rā ba nazm āwarī
     ba pākīza guftār u xat-i darī

     Nobody has the skill to read this (Pahlavi) script,
     I fear that it shall be lost at one stroke.
     Better that you put it to versified lines,
     In a purified speech and a Persian (i.e. Perso-Arabic) script.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

Derived terms

• دری‌زبان (dari-zabân, “Dari-speaking; Dari-speaker”)

 

Descendants

• → Arabic: دَرِيّ (dariyy)
• → Azerbaijani: dəri
• → English: Dari
• → French: dari
• → Ottoman Turkish: دری (Derî)
• → Uzbek: dariy

Etymology 2

Adjective

دری • (dari)

1. (literary) relating to the valley

   Synonym: دره‌ای (darre'i)

   • c. 1030, Manuchehri, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     گویی بط سفید جامه به صابون زده است
     کبک دری ساق پای در قدح خون زده است

     gūyī batt-i safēd jāma ba sābūn zada ast
     kabk-i darī sāq-i pāy dar qadah-i xūn zada ast

     You would say the white duck has washed its robes with soap,
     That the valley partridge has dipped its feet in a cup of blood.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Related terms

• دره (darre)

Saraiki

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ə.ɾiː/

Noun

دَری (darī) f

1. window

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊ.ɾiː/

Noun

دُری • (durī) f (Hindi spelling दुरी)

1. a big bright star

References

• “دری”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “دری”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.