خراب
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See also: حراب
Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
خ ر ب (ḵ r b) |
7 terms |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]خَرَاب • (ḵarāb) m
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun خَرَاب (ḵarāb)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابُ ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابَ ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابِ ḵarābi |
Adjective
[edit]خَرَاب • (ḵarāb)
Declension
[edit]Declension of adjective خَرَاب (ḵarāb)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | basic singular triptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural triptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: xarab
- → Northern Kurdish: xirab
- → Ottoman Turkish: خراب (harâb)
- → Classical Persian: خَرَاب (xarāb)
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- խարապ (harab) — Armeno-Turkish
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb, “ruined, wrecked”).
Adjective
[edit]خراب • (harab)
- ruined, desolated, devastated
- uninhabited, having no inhabitants
- Synonym: چول (çöl)
- spoilt, marred, wasted
- impoverished, dilapidated
Noun
[edit]خراب • (harab)
- ruin, desolation, devastation, waste
- Synonym: تخریب (tahrib)
- impoverishment, immiseration, dilapidation
- decline, decay, deterioration
Derived terms
[edit]- خراب اتمك (harab etmek, “to devastate, ravage, ruin”)
- خراب اولمق (harab olmak, “to be devasted, ruined”)
- خرابلق (harablık, “desolation, ruin”)
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “harap”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1872
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خراب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 533
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Desertus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[2], Vienna, column 362
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “خراب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[3], Vienna, column 1871
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “harap”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خراب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 835
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xa.ˈɾɑːβ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xæ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χä.ɾɔ́b]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xarāḇ |
Dari reading? | xarāb |
Iranian reading? | xarâb |
Tajik reading? | xarob |
Adjective
[edit]Dari | خراب |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | хароб |
خراب • (xarâb)
- ruined, devastated, demolished, destroyed
- drunk, intoxicated
- spoiled, rotten
- miserable
- (chiefly Dari) wrong; bad (not good)
- Synonym: بد
- (chiefly Dari) corrupt, wicked, bad
- Synonym: بد
- (chiefly Dari) out of order (machine, etc)
- (chiefly Tajik) thin, slim (not fat)
Noun
[edit]خراب • (xarâb)
- ruin, desolation
- Synonym: ویرانه (virâne)
Derived terms
[edit]Sindhi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian خراب (xarāb).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]خَرَابُ • (xarābu) (Devanagari ख़राबु)
References
[edit]- Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “خَرَابُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian خراب (xarāb), from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xə.ɾɑːb/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːb
- Hyphenation: خَ‧راب
Adjective
[edit]خَراب • (xarāb) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़राब)
- spoiled, ruined, damaged
- bad, evil
- Synonym: بُرا (burā)
- (food) rotten
- (machinery) out of order, broken
- volatile
Descendants
[edit]- → Ushojo: خراب
Further reading
[edit]- “خراب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “خراب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خراب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “خراب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “خراب”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834) “خراب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
Ushojo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Adjective
[edit]خراب (xarāb)
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root خ ر ب
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic uncountable nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic adjectives
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote singular
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote dual
- Arabic adjectives with broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic indeclinable adjectives
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish adjectives
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from the Arabic root خ ر ب
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian adjectives
- Dari
- Persian nouns
- Sindhi terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Sindhi terms derived from Classical Persian
- Sindhi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sindhi lemmas
- Sindhi adjectives
- Sindhi adjectives in Arabic script
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root خ ر ب
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːb
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːb/2 syllables
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu adjectives
- Urdu indeclinable adjectives
- Ushojo terms borrowed from Urdu
- Ushojo terms derived from Urdu
- Ushojo lemmas
- Ushojo adjectives