آرد

See also: أرد and أزد

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• آرت (art)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ārt (“back”); cognate with Bashkir арт (art) and Southern Altai арт (art).

Noun

آرد • (ard)

1. back, the rear of the body from the neck to the end of the spine

   Synonyms: آرقه (arka), پشت (püşt), صرت (sırt), ظهر (zahr)

2. back, the side of an object which is opposite the front side

   Synonym: آرقه (arka)

3. the supplying pipe or hopper of a mill, that regulates the supply of grist

Derived terms

• آرد قپو (ard kapu, “backdoor”)
• آردی كسلمك (ardı kesilmek, “to cease and discontinue”)

 

Descendants

• Gagauz: aard
• Turkish: art

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “art”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 300
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “آرد”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 21b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “آرد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 13a
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Tergum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1663
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “آرد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 137
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “art”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “آرد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 64

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (KHMA /⁠ārd⁠/, “flour”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥Htás (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂l̥h₁-tós (“ground”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”), Hindi आटा (āṭā, “flour”), Old Armenian աղամ (ałam, “to grind”), Ancient Greek ἀλέω (aléō, “to grind”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːɾð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːɹd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːɹd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːɹd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔːɹd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːɹd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔɹd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	ārd
Dari reading?	ārd
Iranian reading?	ârd
Tajik reading?	ord

Noun

Dari	آرد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	орд

آرد • (ârd)

1. flour

   Synonyms: پست (pest), میده (meyde), سمید (samid)

   تخم مرغ‌ها را با آرد مخلوط کنید.

   toxm-e morğ-hâ râ bâ ârd maxlut konid.

   Mix the eggs with flour.

Alternative forms

• آرت (ârt) (dialectal, Yazd, Eqlid, Isfahan)

Further reading

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “آرد”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “آرد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Etymology 2

Contraction of Classical Persian آورد (āwarad).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ˈʔɑː.ɾað]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑ́ː.ɾäd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑ́ː.ɾäd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑ́ː.ɾäd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔ́ː.ɾäd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒ́ː.ɹæd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔ́.ɾäd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	āraḏ
Dari reading?	ārad
Iranian reading?	ârad
Tajik reading?	orad

Verb

آرد • (ârad)

1. poetic third-person singular non-past of آوردن (âvardan)