під-
See also: під
Ukrainian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- піді- (pidi-) — before certain consonant clusters
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ-; see *podъ for further information.
Pronunciation
[edit]- під-: IPA(key): [pʲid ] (before vowels and voiced consonants)
- под-: IPA(key): [pʲit ] (before voiceless consonants)
- пі́д-: IPA(key): [ˈpid ] (when stressed, before vowels and voiced consonants)
- по́д-: IPA(key): [ˈpit ] (when stressed, before voiceless consonants)
Prefix
[edit]під- • (pid-)
- (used with verbs) upwards (describing an action of moving from the bottom up)
- (used with verbs) closer (describing an action of approaching to an entity)
- (used with verbs) adding (describing an action of adding more entity)
- під- (pid-) + -ба́вити (-bávyty) → підба́вити pf (pidbávyty, “to add, replenish”)
- (used with verbs) (describing a meaning that shows a finished action or an obtainment of a result)
- під- (pid-) + стригти impf (stryhty, “to cut”) → підстри́гти pf (pidstrýhty, “to cut up”)
- під- (pid-) + писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to write”) → підписа́ти pf (pidpysáty, “to sign, to subscribe (in the sense of writing one's name with a result)”)
- (used with verbs) (describing an action of copying or following someone's action)
- під- (pid-) + да (da, “yes”) + -к (-k, suffix forming verbs from expressions) + -увати (-uvaty, imperfectivizing suffix) → підда́кувати impf (piddákuvaty, “to say yes, to assent (in the sense echoing "yes")”)
- (used with verbs) (describing an existence of the certain action that is weak, invisible, hidden or incomplete)
- під- (pid-) + втомитись pf (vtomytysʹ, “to get tired”) → підвтомитись pf (pidvtomytysʹ, “to get tired slightly or lightly”)
- під- (pid-) + слати pf (slaty, “to send, dispatch”) → підісла́ти pf (pidisláty, “to send something (secretly)”)
Prefix
[edit]під- • (pid-)
- takes nouns, produces nouns or adjectives: under-, sub- (referring to literal position under something, being under the influence of something, occupying a title or position below a superior, etc.)
- під- (pid-) + земля́ (zemljá, “ground”) + -ний (-nyj) → підзе́мний (pidzémnyj, “underground”)
- під- (pid-) + гру́па (hrúpa, “group”) → підгру́па (pidhrúpa, “subgroup”)
- під- (pid-) + влада (vlada, “authority, control”) + -ний (-nyj) → підвла́дний (pidvládnyj, “subjected, dependant”)
- під- (pid-) + Карпа́ти (Karpáty, “Carpathians (mountains)”) + -тя (-tja) → Підкарпа́ття (Pidkarpáttja, “Subcarpathia (region surrounding the Carpathian mountains)”)
- під- (pid-) + ма́йстриня (májstrynja, “master (feminine)”) + підмайстри́ня (pidmajstrýnja) → [Term?] (“apprentice (female)”)
- takes adjectives, produces adverbs: completely
Usage notes
[edit]- In the meaning of closer, only use під- when the subject is in the sight range of the object of interest, and then moves even closer towards it.
Antonyms
[edit]- від- (vid-)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- під (pid)