кутя

Bulgarian

Etymology

Reflects Proto-Slavic *kutiti (possibly *kǫtiti), with original meaning unclear. Proposed etymologies:

• Of grammatical origin: An o-vocalism of outdated Bulgarian чу́тя (čútja, “to perceive, to comprehend”), from a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive”). Akin to Bulgarian чу́я (čúja), чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”), with similar semantic development as Bulgarian чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”) (dialectally: “to keep, to take care”), гле́дам (glédam, “to watch, to observe”) (secondary: “to look after”), па́зя (pázja, “to guard, to protect”) (originally: “to spectate”), Proto-Slavic *xovati (“to heed”).
• Of expressive origin: An iterative form of dialectal Bulgarian ку́там (kútam), къ́там (kǎ́tam, “to hide, to shelter”) + -я (-ja), probably from a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Akin to Greek borrowing кути́я (kutíja, “box”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkutʲɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

ку́тя • (kútja) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (transitive, dialectal) to heed, to coddle, to take care (of a child, an animal)

   Synonyms: обгри́жвам (obgrížvam), нагле́ждам (nagléždam), (dialectal) чу́вам (čúvam)

2. (by extension) to feed, to nourish

   Synonym: охра́нвам (ohránvam)

3. (reflexive with се) to take care, to pamper oneself

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ку́тя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ку́тещ kútešt	ку́тил, кути́л1 kútil, kutíl1	ку́тел kútel	ку́тен kúten		ку́тейки kútejki
	definite subject form	ку́тещият kúteštijat	ку́тилият, кути́лият1 kútilijat, kutílijat1	—	ку́теният kútenijat
	definite object form	ку́тещия kúteštija	ку́тилия, кути́лия1 kútilija, kutílija1	—	ку́тения kútenija
feminine	indefinite	ку́теща kútešta	ку́тила, кути́ла1 kútila, kutíla1	ку́тела kútela	ку́тена kútena
	definite	ку́тещата kúteštata	ку́тилата, кути́лата1 kútilata, kutílata1	—	ку́тената kútenata
neuter	indefinite	ку́тещо kútešto	ку́тило, кути́ло1 kútilo, kutílo1	ку́тело kútelo	ку́тено kúteno	ку́тене kútene
	definite	ку́тещото kúteštoto	ку́тилото, кути́лото1 kútiloto, kutíloto1	—	ку́теното kútenoto	ку́тенето kúteneto
plural	indefinite	ку́тещи kútešti	ку́тили, кути́ли1 kútili, kutíli1	ку́тели kúteli	ку́тени kúteni	ку́тения, ку́тенета kútenija, kúteneta
	definite	ку́тещите kúteštite	ку́тилите, кути́лите1 kútilite, kutílite1	—	ку́тените kútenite	ку́тенията, ку́тенетата kútenijata, kútenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ку́тя kútja	ку́тиш kútiš	ку́ти kúti	ку́тим kútim	ку́тите kútite	ку́тят kútjat
imperfect		ку́тех kúteh	ку́теше kúteše	ку́теше kúteše	ку́техме kútehme	ку́техте kútehte	ку́теха kúteha
aorist		ку́тих, кути́х1 kútih, kutíh1	ку́ти, кути́1 kúti, kutí1	ку́ти, кути́1 kúti, kutí1	ку́тихме, кути́хме1 kútihme, kutíhme1	ку́тихте, кути́хте1 kútihte, kutíhte1	ку́тиха, кути́ха1 kútiha, kutíha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ку́тел m, ку́тела f, ку́тело n, or ку́тели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ку́тел m, ку́тела f, ку́тело n, or ку́тели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ку́тел m, ку́тела f, ку́тело n, or ку́тели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ку́тил/кути́л1 m, ку́тила/кути́ла1 f, ку́тило/кути́ло1 n, or ку́тили/кути́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			кути́ kutí			куте́те kutéte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

• оку́тя pf (okútja), оку́твам impf (okútvam, “to wrap in cloths, to curl a baby”) (dialectal)

Related terms

• ку́ткам (kútkam, “to caress, to rock (a baby)”) (dialectal)
• ку́ня (kúnja, “to calm, to fondle”) (dialectal)
• ки́тя (kítja), ки́ча (kíča, “to dress, to put on (garment, jewellery)”)

References

• “кутя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кутя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 163
• Nayden Gerov (1899) “ку́тѫ, -ишь”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 436

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʊˈtʲa]

Participle

кутя́ • (kutjá)

1. present adverbial imperfective participle of кути́ть (kutítʹ)

Ukrainian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian кꙋтьѧ (kutʹja), from Old East Slavic кꙋтьꙗ (kutĭja), from Byzantine Greek κουκκιά (koukkiá, “beans”), whence also Old Church Slavonic коуциꙗ (kucija). Compare ко́ливо (kólyvo).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʊˈtʲa]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

кутя́ • (kutjá) f inan (genitive куті́, nominative plural куті́, genitive plural куте́й)

1. a dish of boiled wheat and honey served at Christmas, New Year's, Epiphany, funerals, equivalent to колива/koliva served in the Balkans, but mixed with ground poppyseed like Lithuanian aguonų pienas

   Synonyms: (Bukovynian dialect) пшениця (pšenycja, literally “wheat”), (Hutsul dialect) здобавка (zdobavka, literally “very good”)

2. (folklore) a holiday meal involving the wheat dish

   багата кутя (also святвечір (svjatvečir), свята вечеря (svjata večerja)) ― bahata kutja ― bountiful kutia, Christmas Eve supper

   щедра кутя (also Маланка (Malanka), старий новий рік (staryj novyj rik)) ― ščedra kutja ― generous kutia, New Year's Eve supper

   голодна кутя (also Йордан (Jordan), другий святвечір (druhyj svjatvečir)) ― holodna kutja ― hungry kutia, Epiphany Eve supper

Declension

Declension of кутя́ (inan soft fem-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	кутя́ kutjá	куті́ kutí
genitive	куті́ kutí	куте́й kutéj
dative	куті́ kutí	кутя́м kutjám
accusative	кутю́ kutjú	куті́ kutí
instrumental	куте́ю kutéju	кутя́ми kutjámy
locative	куті́ kutí	кутя́х kutjáx
vocative	куте́ kuté	куті́ kutí