συκοφάντης
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “show”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent-noun suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /syː.ko.pʰán.tɛːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /sy.koˈpʰan.te̝s/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /sy.koˈɸan.tis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /sy.koˈfan.tis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /si.koˈfan.dis/
Noun
[edit]σῡκοφᾰ́ντης • (sūkophắntēs) m (genitive σῡκοφᾰ́ντου); first declension (Attic, Koine)
- informant, denouncer (in court)
- professional swindler
- extortioner, oppressor
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Proverbs 28.16:
- βασιλεὺς ἐνδεὴς προσόδων μέγας συκοφάντης, ὁ δὲ μισῶν ἀδικίαν μακρὸν χρόνον ζήσεται.
- basileùs endeḕs prosódōn mégas sukophántēs, ho dè misôn adikían makròn khrónon zḗsetai.
- Translation by Charles Lee Brenton
- A king in need of revenues is a great oppressor: but he who hates injustice shall live a long time.
- βασιλεὺς ἐνδεὴς προσόδων μέγας συκοφάντης, ὁ δὲ μισῶν ἀδικίαν μακρὸν χρόνον ζήσεται.
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ σῡκοφᾰ́ντης ho sūkophắntēs |
τὼ σῡκοφᾰ́ντᾱ tṑ sūkophắntā |
οἱ σῡκοφᾰ́νται hoi sūkophắntai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σῡκοφᾰ́ντου toû sūkophắntou |
τοῖν σῡκοφᾰ́νταιν toîn sūkophắntain |
τῶν σῡκοφᾰντῶν tôn sūkophăntôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σῡκοφᾰ́ντῃ tôi sūkophắntēi |
τοῖν σῡκοφᾰ́νταιν toîn sūkophắntain |
τοῖς σῡκοφᾰ́νταις toîs sūkophắntais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν σῡκοφᾰ́ντην tòn sūkophắntēn |
τὼ σῡκοφᾰ́ντᾱ tṑ sūkophắntā |
τοὺς σῡκοφᾰ́ντᾱς toùs sūkophắntās | ||||||||||
Vocative | σῡκοφᾰ́ντᾰ sūkophắntă |
σῡκοφᾰ́ντᾱ sūkophắntā |
σῡκοφᾰ́νται sūkophắntai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- σῡκοφᾰντέω (sūkophăntéō)
- σῡκοφᾰ́ντημᾰ (sūkophắntēmă)
- σῡκοφᾰντητός (sūkophăntētós)
- σῡκοφᾰντῐ́ᾱ (sūkophăntĭ́ā)
- σῡκοφᾰντῐ́ᾱς (sūkophăntĭ́ās)
- σῡκοφᾰντῐκός (sūkophăntĭkós)
- σῡκοφᾰ́ντρῐᾱ (sūkophắntrĭā)
- σῡκοφᾰντώδης (sūkophăntṓdēs)
Descendants
[edit]- Latin: sȳcophanta
- → English: sycophant
- → French: sycophante
- → Spanish: sicofanta (learned)
- → Greek: συκοφάντης (sykofántis) (learned)
Further reading
[edit]- “συκοφάντης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “συκοφάντης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- συκοφάντης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek συκοφάντης (sukophántēs, “informant”).[1] But how a φάντης (“who shows”) σῦκα (sûka, “figs”) came to mean "informant", is debated.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]συκοφάντης • (sykofántis) m (feminine συκοφάντισσα or συκοφάντρια)
Usage notes
[edit]συκοφάντης is a false friend of English sycophant, since the modern meaning of the English word is different.
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | συκοφάντης (sykofántis) | συκοφάντες (sykofántes) |
genitive | συκοφάντη (sykofánti) | συκοφαντών (sykofantón) |
accusative | συκοφάντη (sykofánti) | συκοφάντες (sykofántes) |
vocative | συκοφάντη (sykofánti) | συκοφάντες (sykofántes) |
Related terms
[edit]- συκοφάντηση f (sykofántisi, “calumniation”)
- συκοφαντία f (sykofantía, “calumniation”)
- συκοφαντικός (sykofantikós, “calumniatory”)
- συκοφαντώ (sykofantó, “calumniate”)
References
[edit]- ^ συκοφάντης, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
- Ancient Greek compound terms
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -της (agent noun)
- Ancient Greek 4-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek first-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the first declension
- Attic Greek
- Koine Greek
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Greek learned borrowings from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- Greek nouns declining like 'κλέφτης'
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