šzp

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʃaːzap/ → /ˈʃaːp/ → /ˈʃaːp/ → /ˈʃoːp/

• (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃaːzap/
• (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃaːp/
• (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃaːp/
• (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʃoːp/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛzɛp/
  • Conventional anglicization: shezep

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to grasp, to physically take up without force (+ n: to, for (oneself); + m: with, into (one’s hand); + m-ꜥ: from (someone))
   • c. 2323 BCE – 2291 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Teti — west wall of the antechamber, line 51–52, spell 373.1–373.4:

     
     

     ḏd-mdw jhj jhj ṯz ṯw ttj pw šzp n.k tp.k jnq n.k qsw.k sꜣq n.k [ꜥ]w[t].k wḫꜣ n.k tꜣ jr j(w)f.k

     Recitation: Oho, oho! Pick yourself up, O Teti: take to you your head, draw together to you your bones, gather to you your [limb]s, shake out the earth from your flesh.

   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 3–5:

     šzp ḫrpw ḥw mjnt ḥꜣtt rḏj.t(j) ḥr tꜣ

     The mallet has been taken, the mooring post has been struck, and the prow rope is set on land.

2. (transitive, intransitive) to accept, to receive, to take into one’s possession without force (objects, payments, bribes, land, a crown, etc.) (+ n: to, for (oneself); + m-ꜥ: from (someone))
3. (transitive) to receive, to be given (something abstract: favor, life, truth, pleasure, time, etc.)
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 18–19:

     pr.n.f mḏḥ.w m wḏ n(j) gbb šzp.n.f ḥqꜣt jdbwj wrrt mn.tj m tp.f

     He came forth wreathed at the command of Geb, having received the rulership of the Two Riverbanks (Egypt), the White Crown fixed upon his head.

4. (intransitive with m or transitive, chiefly Late Egyptian) to accept, to admit (a delivery) (+ m: from (a place); + m-dj: from (someone))
5. (transitive) to accept, to receive (offerings)
6. (transitive) to partake of (food or drink), to take to eat or drink
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.9–1.10:

     (j)m ꜣtw r jwf r gs skn šzp dj.f n.k

     Don’t raven after meat next to a voracious man; partake when he gives to you.

7. (transitive, medicine, of the vessels of the body) to absorb (medicine, disease, poison, etc.)
8. (transitive) to catch (fish)
9. (transitive) to assume, to take (a seat or place)
10. (transitive) to accept, to assume, to take on (an office or title)
11. (transitive, of people, buildings, or arms) to welcome, to admit, to cordially receive (someone; also, the dead into the afterworld)
12. (transitive) to take in, to harbor (exiles) [19th Dynasty]
13. (transitive) to listen to (words, speech, praises, etc.)
14. (transitive) to breathe, to take in (air, breath, etc.)
15. (transitive, intransitive, of women or female animals) to receive sexually, to have sex (with)
16. (transitive) to become characterized by (an emotion or abstract quality: happiness, old age, dignity, etc.)
17. (transitive, of the heart/mind) to be pleased by, to find agreeable or dear
18. (transitive) to take on (an opponent) in battle
19. (transitive) to move into (a building or temple chamber) [Greco-Roman Period]
20. (transitive) to set out on, to commence (a fight, a path, a new year, etc.)

Inflection

Conjugation of šzp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: šzp, geminated stem: šzpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šzp	šzpw, šzp	šzpt	šzp	šzp

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šzp	ḥr šzp	m šzp	r šzp

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	šzp.n	šzpw, šzp	consecutive	šzp.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	šzpt
perfective3	šzp	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	šzp.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	šzp	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	šzp	šzpp	potentialis1	šzp.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	šzp	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šzp.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	šzp	active + .tj1, .tw2	šzp	šzp, šzpw5, šzpy5
imperfective	šzp, šzpy, šzpw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	šzp, šzpj6, šzpy6	šzp, šzpw5
prospective	šzp, šzptj7	—	šzptj4, šzpt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šzp  

šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp
[since the Pyramid Texts]	[since the Pyramid Texts]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šzp  

sšp	šzp	šp	šzp	šzp	šzp
[Middle Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
	in hieratic

Derived terms

• šzp ꜣwt-jb (“beginning of joy”)
• šzp ꜣs (“hurry”)
• šzp jꜣw (“become old”)
• šzp ꜥḥꜣ r (“attack”)
• šzp wꜣt (“travel”)
• šzp wnwt bjnt (“have a bad time”)
• šzp bjꜣt (“perform a miracle”)
• šzp fꜣ ṯꜣw (“sail forth”)
• šzp nmtt (“assent to acts”)
• šzp kḥkḥ (“become old”)
• šzp ksw (“crouch”)

 

Descendants

• Demotic: šp
  • Coptic: ϣⲱⲡ (šōp)

Noun

 m

1. palm, a measure of length equivalent to 4 ḏbꜥw (“digits”) or ¹⁄₇ of a mḥ (“cubit”) (about 7.5 centimetres) [since the Old Kingdom]
2. palm of the hand [New Kingdom]
3. grip, grasp [18th Dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of šzp (masculine)

singular	šzp
dual	šzpwj
plural	šzpw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šzp  

šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp
	[Old Kingdom and since the New Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the New Kingdom]	[since the New Kingdom]	[since the New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Demotic: šp
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲟⲡ (šop)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲟⲡ (šop)

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɛzɛp/
  • Conventional anglicization: shezep

Noun

 m

1. statue as a religious image [since the Middle Kingdom]
2. sphinx [since the Middle Kingdom]
3. image, portrayal, representation (+ n(j): of (a god)) [since the 18th Dynasty]
4. relief, image in relief [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Declension of šzp (masculine)

singular	šzp
dual	šzpwj
plural	šzpw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šzp  

šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp	šzp
			abbreviation	abbreviation	abbreviation	abbreviation

References

• “šzp (lemma ID 157200)”, “šzp (lemma ID 157160)”, and “šzp (lemma ID 157210)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 530.1–534.2, 535.3–535.9, 536.1–536.11
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 271–272
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 105, 118, 181, 184, 233–234, 275.