zabrać
Appearance
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zabьrati. By surface analysis, za- + brać. First attested in the end of the 14th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]zabrać pf (imperfective zabierać)
- (attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) to steal, to seize, to rob (to take someone else's thing)
- 1981 [1398], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, t. V, A. Roty gnieźnieńskie, s. 76-274, number 39, Gniezno:
- Ysze czso [Woj]tha zabral Janowi cone, to zabral, nisz [kr]ol przyøl crolewstwo
- [Iże czso [Woj]ta zabrał Janowi konie, to zabrał, niż [kr]ol przyjął krolewstwo]
- 1879 [1480], Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, editor, Księga ziemi czerskiej 1404-1425. Liber terrae Cernensis[1], Masovia, page LXXXVII:
- Jakom ya nye wrzuczyl szyą... gwalthewnye we wloki w Wągrodnye, na kthore... pleban... prawo ma, anym zabral czynschu sz kmyeczy thych
- [Jakom ja nie wrzucił się... gwałtewnie we włoki w Wągrodnie, na ktore... pleban... prawo ma, anim zabrał czynszu z kmieci tych]
- to abduct, to hijack, to kidnap
- 1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[2], 34, 29:
- Drudzy synowye Iacobowy byezawszy y pobyly wszitko myasto... a dzatky y zoni gich *zwyozawszy zabraly (duxerunt captivas)
- [Drudzy synowie Jakobowi bieżawszy i pobili wszytko miasto... a dziatki i żony jich związawszy zabrali (duxerunt captivas)]
- to take back (to grab with one's hands again; to acquire again)
- 1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[3], 31, 32:
- Patrzi, a czsokoly swego naydzesz v nasz, to zabyerz (aufer)
- [Patrzy, a czsokoli swego najdziesz u nas, to zabierz (aufer)]
- (attested in Lesser Poland) to take (to ensure that one has something with them when they depart)
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter][4], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 48, 18:
- Gdi zagine, ne zaberze wszego (non sumet omnia)
- [Gdy zaginie, nie zabierze wszego (non sumet omnia)]
- (of a stream, attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to swell, to rise
- 1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[5], [6], [7], volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 12:
- Nam quem pluuialibus vndis intumuit, gl. id est invndauit wszydze, zabrala, torrens, fluit acrior amne perhenni, gl. fluuio perpetuo
- [Nam quem pluuialibus vndis intumuit, gl. id est invndauit wzydzie, zabrała, torrens, fluit acrior amne perhenni, gl. fluuio perpetuo]
- (of waves, water, etc., attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to take away, to lift (to carry someone or something)
- 1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[8], [9], [10], volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 11:
- Ad instar anchore, que firmo cursu ratem in portu retinet, ne procellis quassata, zalewayączymy velmy zabrana,... illidatur... ad rupes contiguas
- [Ad instar anchore, que firmo cursu ratem in portu retinet, ne procellis quassata, zalewającymi wełmy zabrana,... illidatur... ad rupes contiguas]
Derived terms
[edit]verbs
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “brać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “brać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “zabrać”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish zabrać. By surface analysis, za- + brać.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈza.brat͡ɕ/
Audio 1; “zabrać”: (file) Audio 2; “zabrać się”: (file) - Rhymes: -abrat͡ɕ
- Syllabification: za‧brać
Verb
[edit]zabrać pf (imperfective zabierać)
- (transitive) to take (grabbing with one's hands, to place somewhere)
- Synonym: wziąć
- (transitive) to take (to cease touching by moving one's hands)
- (transitive) to take, to bring (to cause someone or something to be in a different place)
- (transitive) to take (to cause someone to cease being somewhere)
- Synonym: wziąć
- (transitive) to take (to force someone to go somewhere, e.g. to the police)
- Synonym: wziąć
- (transitive) to take (to allow to join) [with na (+ accusative) ‘on/for what’]
- Synonym: wziąć
- (transitive) to take (to ensure that one has something with them when they depart) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]
- Synonym: wziąć
- (transitive) to take, to take away (to deprive of materially) [with dative ‘from whom’]
- Synonym: wziąć
- Nauczyciel zabrał mi telefon. ― The teacher took my mobile phone away.
- (transitive) to take, to take away (to deprive of non-materially) [with dative ‘from whom’]
- Synonym: odebrać
- (transitive) to take, to take away, to carry away (i.e. of water, to destroy, upset, or move something)
- (transitive) to take, to take away (to kill) [with dative ‘from whom’]
- (transitive) to take (to accept for transport as passengers or cargo)
- (transitive) to take (to last a certain amount of time) [with dative ‘whom’]
- Synonym: zająć
- (transitive, obsolete) to take on (to acquire a trait)
- Synonym: nabrać
- (reflexive with się) to get to (to begin to do some activity) [with do (+ genitive) or (proscribed) za (+ accusative) ‘to what’]
- (reflexive with się, colloquial) to take on (to begin to deal intensively with matters related to a specific person) [with za (+ accusative) ‘whom’]
- (reflexive with się, colloquial) to leave (to go away from some place)
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:uciekać
- (reflexive with się) to take oneself somewhere (to travel or stay somewhere) [with instrumental ‘with what’]
- (reflexive with się) to take oneself somewhere (to join someone and go somewhere with them) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]
- (reflexive with się, colloquial) to come on, to make a pass (to attempt for a sexual relation with someone, typically in an unrefined manner) [with do (+ genitive) ‘whom’]
- (reflexive with się) to take drastic measures against someone or something
- (reflexive with się, obsolete) to spread (to become more common)
- Synonyms: rozpowszechnić się, upowszechnić się
Conjugation
[edit]Verb
[edit]zabrać pf (imperfective zabierać)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of zabrać | |
---|---|
infinitive | zabrać |
future indicative | zabierze |
past indicative | zabrało |
conditional | zabrałoby by zabrało |
imperative | niech zabierze |
Derived terms
[edit]verbs
- śmierć zabrała pf, śmierć zabiera impf
- zabrać do grobu pf, zabierać do grobu impf
- zabrać głos pf, zabierać głos impf
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), zabrać is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 4 times in scientific texts, 12 times in news, 10 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 26 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 74 times, making it the 876th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- zabrać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- zabrać się in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- zabrać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “zabrać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “ZABRAĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.07.2009
- “ZABRAĆ%20SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 12.01.2010
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “zabrać”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “zabrać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “zabrać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 26
- zabrać się in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Categories:
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms prefixed with za-
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish verbs
- Old Polish perfective verbs
- Greater Poland Old Polish
- Masovia Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms prefixed with za-
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/abrat͡ɕ
- Rhymes:Polish/abrat͡ɕ/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish verbs
- Polish perfective verbs
- Polish transitive verbs
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Polish reflexive verbs
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish impersonal verbs