zīst

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See also: zist

Latvian

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Etymology

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The traditional approach derives this word from an earlier *žinsti, from Proto-Baltic *žind-ti, from *žind-, from the reduced form *ǵendʰ, *ǵ(e)ndʰ- of Proto-Indo-European *ǵenədʰ- (“jaw, chin”), whence also Latvian zods (“chin”), Lithuanian žándas (“chin, jaw, cheek”). In this case, the original meaning would have been related to “cheek, jaw,” from which “to suckle.” A more recent theory suggests a connection between zīst and Ancient Greek νεογιλλός (neogillós, “newborn; young, new”) (< *neo-gid-los), both presumably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeid- (“to suckle”). In either case, cognates include Lithuanian žįsti.[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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zīst (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present zīžu, zīd, zīž, past zīdu)

  1. to suck, to suckle (to press a female nipple with one's lips and tongue, so that it produces milk; to drink the milk so produced)
    zīst māti ― to suckle (one's) mother (i.e., to suckle milk from one's mother's breast)
    bērns zīž krūti ― the child suckles the breast
    kaķēns vēl nezīž ― the kitten doesn't suckle yet
    jēri metas zīst ― the lambs rushed to suckle
    trīs mazi ezēni zīda māti, sagulušies rindā kā sivēni ― three little hedgehogs suckled (their) mother, lying in a row like piglets
  2. to suck, to suckle (to take something into one's mouth and make sucking movements)
    zīst ķepu, pirkstu ― to suck(le) (one's) paw, finger
    bērni visbiežāk zīž pirkstus pirms iemigšanas un pēc pamošanās ― children most often suck (their) fingers before sleep or after waking up
  3. (colloquial) to smoke (a pipe, a cigarette, etc.) slowly
    pēdējo smēķa galiņu zīzdams, Klucis noskatīja daudz neveiklāko Modri ― sucking the last tip of (his) cigarette, Klucis looked at the much clumsier Modris

Conjugation

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conjugation of zīst
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es zīžu zīdu zīdīšu —
2nd pers. sg. tu zīd zīdi zīdīsi zīd
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa zīž zīda zīdīs lai zīž
1st pers. pl. mēs zīžam zīdām zīdīsim zīdīsim
2nd pers. pl. jūs zīžat zīdāt zīdīsiet,
zīdīsit 		zīdiet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas zīž zīda zīdīs lai zīž
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present zīžot Present Active 1 (Adj.) zīdošs
Past esot zīdis Present Active 2 (Adv.) zīzdams
Future zīdīšot Present Active 3 (Adv.) zīžot
Imperative lai zīžot Present Active 4 (Obj.) zīžam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active zīdis
Present zīstu Present Passive zīžams
Past būtu zīdis Past Passive zīsts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jāzīž Infinitive (nenoteiksme) zīst
Conjunctive 1 esot jāzīž Negative Infinitive nezīst
Conjunctive 2 jāzīžot Verbal noun zīšana

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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prefixed verbs:
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Verb

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zīst

  1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of zīt
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of zīt
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of zīt

References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “zīst”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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