wnpšk'
Middle Persian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- [script needed] (vanafša)
Etymology
[edit]The origin is uncertain.
Bailey derives from the Iranian colour-name *van- (“blue”), comparing for it Khotanese [script needed] (banāte, “plum or pear”), Old English ƿann (“dark”) and Old Armenian վան- (van-, “crystal”). For the suffix -ap- he compares Latin cannabis.
On the other hand, Martirosyan proposes connection with Ancient Greek ἴον (íon, “violet”), earlier *ϝίον (*wíon), γία (gía, “ἄνθη”) = ϝία (wía), and Latin viola (“violet”), suggesting that "we might be dealing with a Mediterranean-Iranian flower-name" with a proto-form like *wion- which might yield Iranian *v(y)an-. He regards Iranian *-afš as a suffix of substrate origin comparable with -աւշ (-awš) in Old Armenian թեղաւշ (tʻeławš).
Some of the descendants (e.g. Old Armenian մանուշակ (manušak)) presuppose a by-form *manafšak.
Noun
[edit]wnpšk' • (wanafšag)
- violet (flower)
Descendants
[edit](Taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian and including the descendants of the unattested by-form *manafšak:)
- Mazanderani ونوشه (vanūše)
- Persian: بنفشه (banafše)
- → Avar: мана́рша (manárša)
- → Azerbaijani: bənövşə
- → Bashkir: миләүшә (miləwşə)
- → Bengali: গুলবনফ্শা (gulbonophśa)
- → Central Iranian dialects:
- → Gujarati: બનફશા (banaphśā)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kurdish:
- → Lak: банавша (banawša)
- → Lezgi: бене́вша (benévša)
- → Ottoman Turkish: بنفشه (benefşe), منكشه (menekşe), منوشه (menevşe)
- → Sangisari: benafše
- → Sarikoli: [script needed] (banafša)
- → Sedehi: benafše
- → Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (benafše)
- → Tabasaran: беневша (benevša), бене́ш (benéš), бене́вш (benévš), бала́вш (balávš)
- → Wakhi: [script needed] (banāfš)
- → Uzbek: binafsha
- → Arabic: بنفسج (banafsaj),[1] بنفشج (banafšaj), منفشج (manafšaj)
- → Classical Syriac: ܡܢܝܫܟܐ (mənīškāʼ)
- → Old Armenian: մանուշակ (manušak)
- Middle Armenian: մանուշակ (manušak)
- Armenian: մանուշակ (manušak)
- → Byzantine Greek: μανουσιάκων (manousiákōn)
- Greek: μανουσάκι (manousáki)
- → Albanian: manushaqe
- → Aromanian: manushachi／manushache
- → Albanian: manushaqe
- Pontic Greek: μανουσ̌άκ' (manoušák')
- Greek: μανουσάκι (manousáki)
- → Ossetian: ма́лусӕг (málusæg, “snowdrop”)
- Middle Armenian: մանուշակ (manušak)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 علی صیادانی، وامواژههای فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 53
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “մանուշակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 256
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 86
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 759
- Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 115, 180
- Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 268b
- Abajev, V. I. (1973) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 69