wirken
Appearance
See also: Wirken
German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German wirken, from Old High German wirken, from Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną.
Early on merged with Middle High German würken, from Old High German wurken, from Proto-West Germanic *wurkijan, from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną, closely related to the first-mentioned verb.[1] The i-form prevailed in Central German, the ü-form in Upper German; the latter was displaced from the written language in the 18th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈvɪrkən/, [ˈvɪʁ.kŋ̍], [ˈvɪɐ̯-], [ʋ-], [-kən]
Audio: (file) Audio: (file) Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: wir‧ken
Verb
[edit]wirken (weak, third-person singular present wirkt, past tense wirkte, past participle gewirkt, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to function, to be effective, to work
- Das neue Medikament wirkt nicht so gut wie Aspirin.
- The new medicine doesn't work as well as aspirin.
- Dieser Köder wirkt wie ein Fischmagnet.
- This bait works like a fish magnet.
- (copulative, sometimes impersonal) to appear, to seem [with auf (+ accusative) ‘to someone’]
- Dieses Essen wirkt etwas fade.
- This food seems a little bland.
- Es wirkt, als wollten sie das Projekt abbrechen.
- It seems like they want to cancel the project.
- Du wirkst seltsam auf mich.
- You seem strange to me.
- (intransitive) to have an effect [with auf (+ accusative) ‘on someone/something’]
- Lassen Sie die einzigartige Landschaft auf sich wirken.
- Let the unique landscape have its effect on you.
- (transitive) to perform (some action), to achieve (some effect), to work (cause to happen), to cast (a spell)
- Die Therapie wirkt Wunder bei meiner Arthritis.
- The therapy works wonders for my arthritis.
- (intransitive) to work or be active in a certain field or activity
- Ich habe einige Jahre als Architekt gewirkt.
- I worked as an architect for several years.
- (intransitive) to work [with für (+ accusative) ‘for/toward a goal or for a cause’]
- Wir wirken für den Frieden und den Schutz der Umwelt.
- We work for peace and the protection of the environment.
- (intransitive) to take effect, to be effective
- Die neue Regel wirkt ab sofort.
- The new rule is effective immediately.
- (manufacturing) to knit (with yarn), to brocade
- (baking) to knead
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | wirken | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | wirkend | ||||
past participle | gewirkt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich wirke | wir wirken | i | ich wirke | wir wirken |
du wirkst | ihr wirkt | du wirkest | ihr wirket | ||
er wirkt | sie wirken | er wirke | sie wirken | ||
preterite | ich wirkte | wir wirkten | ii | ich wirkte1 | wir wirkten1 |
du wirktest | ihr wirktet | du wirktest1 | ihr wirktet1 | ||
er wirkte | sie wirkten | er wirkte1 | sie wirkten1 | ||
imperative | wirk (du) wirke (du) |
wirkt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]- auswirken
- bewirken
- dagegenwirken
- durchwirken
- einwirken
- entgegenwirken
- entwirken
- erwirken
- gegenwirken
- Gewirk
- hineinwirken
- hinwirken
- mitwirken
- nachwirken
- rückwirken
- unwirksam
- verwirken
- wechselwirken
- weiterwirken
- Wirken
- Wirker
- Wirkfaktor
- wirklich
- Wirkmoment
- wirksam
- Wirkstoff
- Wirkung
- Wunder wirken
- zerwirken
- zurückwirken
- zusammenwirken
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “wirken”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “wirken” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “wirken” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “wirken” in Duden online
- “wirken” in OpenThesaurus.de
- wirken on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia de
Old Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan.
Verb
[edit]wirken
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of wirken (weak class 1 j-present)
infinitive | wirken | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | wirco, wircon | worhta |
2nd person singular | wirkis, wirkist | worhtos |
3rd person singular | wirkit | worhta |
1st person plural | wirken | worhtun |
2nd person plural | wirkit | worhtut |
3rd person plural | wirkent | worhtun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | wirke | wurhti |
2nd person singular | wirkes, wirkest | wurhtis |
3rd person singular | wirke | wurhti |
1st person plural | wirken | wurhtin |
2nd person plural | wirket | wurhtit |
3rd person plural | wirken | wurhtin |
imperative | present | |
singular | wirki | |
plural | wirkit | |
participle | present | past |
wirkendi | worht, giworht |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “wirken”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Categories:
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German copulative verbs
- German impersonal verbs
- German transitive verbs
- de:Manufacturing
- de:Baking
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch verbs
- Old Dutch irregular verbs
- Old Dutch class 1 weak j-present verbs
- Old Dutch basic verbs
- Old Dutch class 1 weak verbs