Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wurkijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną.

Verb

*wurkijan^[1]

to work
to make

Inflection

Class 1 weak j-present
Infinitive	*wurkijan
1st sg. past	*worhtā
Infinitive	*wurkijan
Genitive infin.	*wurkijannjas
Dative infin.	*wurkijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*wurkijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*wurkiju	*worhtā
2nd singular	*wurkisi	worhtēs, worhtōs
3rd singular	*wurkiþi	worhtē, worhtā
1st plural	*wurkijum	*worhtum
2nd plural	*wurkiþ	*worhtud
3rd plural	*wurkijanþ	*worhtun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*wurkijē	*worhtī
2nd singular	*wurkijēs	*worhtī
3rd singular	*wurkijē	*worhtī
1st plural	*wurkijēm	*worhtīm
2nd plural	*wurkijēþ	*worhtīd
3rd plural	*wurkijēn	*worhtīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*wurki
Plural	*wurkiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*wurkijandī	*worht

Derived terms

*frawurkijan

Descendants

Old English: wyrċan
- Middle English: werken, worken, worchen
  - English: work
Old Frisian: werka
- West Frisian: werke
Old Saxon: workian, wurkian
Old High German: wurken
- Middle High German: werken, würken

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 157: “PWGmc *wurkijan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 157: “PWGmc *wurkijan”

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